施磷量对不同类型专用小麦产量和品质的调控效应

为给优质小麦合理施肥提供依据，以强筋小麦中优9507、中筋小麦扬麦12号、弱筋小麦扬麦9号为材料，在缺磷土壤（速效磷含量4．10mg／kg）上研究了施磷量对小麦籽粒产量、蛋白质、淀粉及其组分含量的影响。结果表明，强筋小麦中优9507在施磷量（P2O5）0～144kg／ha，中筋小麦扬麦12号和弱筋小麦扬麦9号在施磷量（P2O5）0～108kg／ha范围内，籽粒产量随施磷量增加而增加，继续增加施磷量，籽粒产量则呈下降趋势。中优9507与扬麦12号清蛋白含量施磷处理均高于不施磷处理，扬麦9号施磷则降低了清蛋白含量；增施磷肥后中优9507球蛋白含量下降，扬麦12号先下降后上升，而扬麦9号球蛋白含量有所上升；在上述施磷量范围内，醇溶蛋白、谷蛋白和总蛋白含量随施磷量增加而增加，直链淀粉、支链淀粉、总淀粉含量均随施磷量增加而下降，继续增加施磷量，醇溶蛋白、谷蛋白和总蛋白含量下降，直链淀粉、支链淀粉、总淀粉含量有所上升。

Effect of Phosphorus Application on Grain Yield and Quality of Wheat for Different End Uses

Phosphorus(P) is one of the essential nutrient elements to maintain wheat growth,phosphorus deficiency in soil is a barrier to yield and quality formation of wheat.Therefore,applying phosphorus under phosphorusdeficient conditions is benificial to high yield and good quality.The experiments were conducted in sandy soil with 4.10 mg/kg available phosphorus,the wheat cultivars tested were Zhongyou 9507 with strong-gluten,Yangmai 12 with medium-gluten and Yangmai 9 with weak-gluten.The experiments mainly studied the effects of phosphorus application amount on grain yield,protein content,starch content and its components.The results showed that while the phosphorus application amounts were below 144 kg P_2O_5.ha~(-1) for strong-gluten wheat Zhongyou 9507,below 108 kg P_2O_5.ha~(-1) for medium-gluten wheat Yangmai 12 and weak-gluten wheat Yangmai 9,respectively,the grain yield,gliadin,glutenin and total protein contents,amylose,amylopectin,and total starch contents would raise while increasing phosphorus application amount.When the phosphorus application amounts were beyond the range,the grain yield and protein content decreased,while the amylose,amylopectin and total starch content increased.