多裂骆驼蓬生物碱类物质抑菌杀虫活性研究

采用生长速率法和浸叶法研究多裂骆驼蓬中生物碱类物质对8种植物病原真菌和2种蚜虫的抑菌杀虫作用。结果表明,水溶性生物碱、脂溶性生物碱和总生物碱提取液对供试病原真菌均有不同程度的抑制作用,其中对小麦赤霉病菌、黄瓜霜霉病菌、辣椒疫霉病菌和小麦条锈病菌抑制作用明显,0.5 0 g/mL试液的抑菌率均在7 8%以上;对供试2种蚜虫有明显的触杀活性,其中0.5 0 g/mL水溶液性、脂溶性和总生物碱对麦二叉蚜的校正死亡率分别为3 9.6 4%、3 5.4 0%和4 4.7 0%,对桃蚜的校正死亡率分别为2 8.1 7%、2 5.8 3%和3 1.2 2%。生物碱类物质的抑菌杀虫活性大小顺序为:总生物碱>水溶性生物碱>脂溶性生物碱。

Studies on the fungistasis and insecticidal effects of the alkaloid extracts from Peganum multisectum Bobr.

The fungistasis and insecticidal activity of the alkaloid extracts from Peganum multisectum Bobr.on 8 plant pathogenic fungi and 2 aphids were studied by the methods of growth rate and soak foliage.The results showed that the dissoluble,fat-soluble and total alkaloid extracts from P.multisectum had inhibitory effects on these plant pathogenic fungi to some extent,but had significant inhibitory effects on Fusarium graminearum Schw,Sphaerotheca leucotricha Solm,Phytophthora capsici Leonian and Puccinia glumarum Erikss.At the concentration of(0.50 g/mL,) the antimicrobial rates were all above 78% after 72 hours.It was also found that the dissoluble,fat-soluble and total alkaloid extracts from P.multisectum had remarkable insecticidal activity on Schizaphis graminun Rondani and Myzus persicae Sulzer,with calibrated death rates as 39.64%,35.40% and 44.70% for S.graminun,and as 28.17%,25.83% and 31.22% for M.persicae after 48 hours,respectively,at the concentration of(0.50 g/mL.) The intensity of fungistasis and insecticidal activity of the alkaloid extracts from P.multisectum could be arranged in sequence as follows: total alkaloid > dissoluble alkaloid > fat-soluble alkaloid.