固体进样在土壤金属元素测定中的应用及展望

准确快速的土壤重金属检测方法能为土壤重金属污染防治提供基础条件。直接固体进样技术因具有能简化样品前处理、缩短分析时间、减少有害化学试剂使用等特点,已被广泛用于农业土壤环境样品中各类金属元素含量的测定。鉴于此,本文首先概述了电热蒸发、激光烧蚀、等离子体进样、中子活化技术等典型土壤固体样品导入技术。其次,根据检测器的不同对固体进样技术进行了分类,并对其工作原理、国内外最新研究进展及标准现状进行了总结。本文进一步从样品的称样量及目数选择、校准方法、基体干扰和消除技术方面对土壤直接固体进样技术存在的问题进行了概述。最后,从土壤固体进样技术的自动化程度、精度提高、成本节约等方面对其未来发展方向进行了展望。

Application and development of solid sampling techniques for the detection of metal elements in soil

In recent years, soil pollution has become a serious problem in China. Accurate and fast methods for the detection of heavy metals in soils can help the prevention and control of heavy metal soil pollution. Direct solid sampling technique has been widely used in the determination of various elements in agricultural soil samples because it can simplify sample preparation, shorten analysis time, and reduce the use of harmful chemical reagents. In view of this, reviews on introduction technologies of typical soil solid samples, such as electrothermal evaporation, laser ablation, plasma injection, and neutron activation, were first summarized in this article. Second, solid sampling technique was classified according to different detectors, and its principle, latest research progress both at home and abroad, and standard status were summarized. Furthermore, problems existing in soil solid sampling techniques such as sample weighing and mesh selection, calibration method, matrix interference, and elimination technology were summarized. Finally, prospects and aspects for the future development of soil solid sampling technology were summarized, which include automation degree, field application, accuracy improvement, and cost saving.