马铃薯地膜种植生态效应研究

通过田间随机区组试验研究马铃薯地膜种植生态效应结果表明,马铃薯营养阶段、生殖阶段不同地膜覆盖处理耕层土壤速效氮供应强度比露地提高32.6%~64.0%,速效磷提高4.2%~59.4%,植株吸收量分别提高13.2%~48.3%和14.6%~38.2%;不同处理耕层土壤速效氮含量营养阶段均高于生殖阶段,速效磷含量则相反。地膜处理耕层土壤含水量营养阶段比露地提高5.3%~31.6%,植株吸收量提高26.3%~31.0%;生殖阶段比露地分别提高1.9%~16.9%和4.4%~18.8%。耕层土壤中2阶段地膜比对照细菌分别增加30.0%、130.8%,放线菌分别增加19.7%、474.1%,霉菌分别增加12.5%、22.7%。一天中地膜处理耕层土壤温度均高于露地,上午随土层深度的增加,营养阶段土壤温度递增而生殖阶段略呈递减,中午和下午随土层深度的增加,2阶段土壤温度逐渐递减。地膜处理其块茎产量、地上茎叶产量、地下根产量均高于露地对照。在试验设计施肥范围内,地膜种植施肥水平高的土壤和植株养分、水分含量高,增产幅度大。

Ecological effects of plastic film mulching cultivation of potato

By the field experiment, the ecological effects of plastic film mulching cultivation of potato were studied. The results indicate that compared with the traditional cultivation, the available nitrogen and phosphorus in plough soil layer of plastic film mulching cultivation can be increased by 32.6 % - 64.0 % and 4.2 % - 59.4 %, respectively, the amounts of absorbing nitrogen and phosphorus can be increased by 13.2 % - 48.3 % and 14.6 % - 38.2 % , respectively. The content of available nitrogen in plough layer at the vegetative stage is higher than that at the reproductive stage, but opposite for available phosphorus. Water content in plough layer of plastic film cultivation is 5.3 % -31.6 % more than that of traditional cultivation on vegetative stage, and absorbing water is increased by 26.3 % -31.0 %. At the reproduction stage, water content is 1.9% -16.9% more than that of traditional cultivation, absorbing water is increased by 4.4% - 18.8 %. At the vegetative and reproduction stages of plastic film mulching cultivation, bacteria in plough layer soil is increased by 30.0 % and 130.8 % , actinomyces is increased by 19.7 % and 474.1% , mould is increased by 12.5 % and 22.7%, respectively. Temperature of plastic film mulching cultivation in plough layer is higher than that of traditional cultivation; soil temperature is higher as the soil layer becomes deeper at the vegetative stage, but lower at the reproduction stage in the morning. Soil temperature is decreased as soil layer deeper at both stages at noon and in the afternoon. The yield of tuber, dry mass of shoot and root on plastic film mulching cultivation are higher than those of traditional cultivation. Appling more fertilizer increases the yield, nutrients and water content within the scope of experiment.