吉林省82年来育成大豆品种的产量和叶片部分生理特性变化及其相互关系

对吉林省1923—2005年间育成的42个大豆品种叶片部分生理特性及其与产量关系的研究表明, 大豆产量随育成年代的推进呈线性增加, 82年增加了95.94%, 平均每年增加1.17%; 与此同时, 叶片硝酸还原酶活性、可溶性糖含量、比叶重、叶绿素含量、可溶性蛋白含量均随年代推进而增加, 且与产量呈正相关; 在V₄期(第4节期, 主茎第3个复叶全展), R₂期(盛花期), R₄期(结荚盛期), R₆期(鼓粒盛期)等不同生育时期的生理指标变化不同, 把它们作为选择高产品种的参考指标具有一定的应用价值; 硝酸还原酶活性在V₄期、R₂期、R₆期与产量呈极显著正相关, 在所有指标中表现最稳定, 作为高产品种的选育指标最具可行性。

Changes and Correlations between Yield and Partial Physiological Char- acters in Leaves of Soybean Cultivars Released from 1923 to 2005 in Jilin Province

The yield and partial changes physiological characters in the leaves were measured at different growing stages using 42 soybean cultivars released from 1923 to 2005 in Jilin province, and the relationship between them was analyzed. The results showed that soybean seed yield was increased significantly in the process of cultivar released years, it increased by 95.94% in past 82 years (1.17% per year) according to the calculation of regression equation. At the same time, nitrate reductase activity (NRA), soluble sugar content, specific leaf weight (SLW), chlorophyll content, soluble protein content in leaves at V₄, R₂, R₄, R₆ stages increased and positively correlated with soybean yield. Among them, NRA was correlated significantly with soybean yield at three growth stages and could be used as a selection index for high-yielding soybean cultivars.