超甜玉米品质差异及适宜采收指标的研究

以25个超甜玉米品种为试验材料,研究授粉后15~27 d不同采收期百粒鲜重、籽粒可溶性糖含量、含水率与鲜穗蒸煮品评分的关系。结果表明:4个指标均值在不同品种和采收期间差异极显著;授粉后最佳品质期及最佳品质期时百粒鲜重占最大粒重比例、籽粒可溶性糖含量不同品种间均存在差异;推迟采收有利于增加百粒鲜重;各品种最佳品质期时籽粒含水率多为68%~74%,且不同年份表现一致。籽粒含水率68%~74%可作为鲜穗适期采收指标。

Quality differences and index for the optimum harvest stage in super sweet corn

The index for the optimum harvest stage of fresh ear is crucial to evaluate super sweet corn and to improve eating quality.However,there are few reports on the index which fit for different super sweet corn cultivars.In this study,taste scores,water content in kernels,soluble sugar content and 100-kernel fresh weight were detected at different harvest date(15-27 d after pollination),and the correlations among them were analyzed in a randomized complete block design using 25 super sweet corn cultivars.The results showed that each of the four traits was significantly different in cultivars and harvest dates.Date and days after pollination for the best eating quality,the proportion of 100-kernel fresh weight for the best eating quality in the maxmium(w/wmax) and soluble sugar content in kernels among cultivars were different.Postponing harvest was propitious to increasing 100-kernel fresh weight.Eating quality was the best as water content in kernels was 68%-74%,which was identical among cultivars in different years.Water content could be the index for the optimum harvest stage of super sweet corn.