控释BB肥对西瓜种植土壤养分的影响

[目的]探讨控释BB肥对西瓜栽培土壤养分的影响。[方法]以丰乐1号西瓜为试材,设置5个施肥处理（不施肥料CK,习惯施肥,等量、减量、减氮控释BB肥）,探讨了不同肥料施入土壤后的养分动态变化规律。[结果]习惯施肥处理的养分在短期内达最大值。在3个控释BB肥处理中,等量处理的土壤碱解氮最高 减N增P、K处理的土壤速效磷和速效钾均最高。相对于习惯施肥处理,这3个控释BB肥处理的速效NPK养分均有滞后释放的特性,基本上都在西瓜进入膨大期（施肥后45~60 d）时达到释放高峰,更能有效地提高土壤中速效养分的含量。[结论]控释BB肥的养分释放曲线与西瓜的养分需求曲线有一定的相似性,有利于获得高产优质的西瓜。

Studies on the Effects of Controlled-release BB Fertilizer on the Cultivated Soil Nutrient for Watermelon

[Objective] The aim was to discuss the effect of controlled-release BB fertilize on cultivated soil nutrient for watermelon.[Method] With the Fengle No.1 watermelon as the tested material,5 fertilization treatments with not fertilization(CK),custom fertilizer,equivalent fertilizer,fertilizer reduction and nitrogen reduction to control-release BB fertilizer were set up to discuss the dynamic variations in available nutrition after the different fertilizers were applied in the soil.[Result] As for the custom fertilizer treatment,the available nutrition in soil reached maximum in a short time.Among the 3 controlled-release BB fertilize treatments,the available nitrogen in the soil of equivalent fertilizer treatment was the highest and the available P and available K in the soil with the treatments by decreasing N and increasing P and K were all highest.Compared with the custom fertilizer treatment,the available NPK nutrient of 3 controlled-releases BB fertilize treatments all had the character of lagging release,which was up to the release peak period when the watermelon came into the expanding stage,which could effectively improve the content of available nutrient in the soil.[Conclusion] The nutrient release curve of controlled-release BB fertilize had some comparability with the nutrient release curve of watermelon,which was in favor of the high yield and quality watermelon.