三峡库区坡耕地植物篱模式效益评价研究

植物篱具有保持水土、增加土壤肥力、改善土壤物理性质等功能, 且能增加农民收入、扩大就业, 是一项具有生态、经济和社会效益的复合农林技术。以位于三峡库区的重庆市江津区常见6 种植物篱模式(柑橘、沙梨、花椒、黄荆、桑树、紫背天葵)为对象, 遵循层次分析法原理, 从生态、经济和社会效益3 方面建立了三峡库区坡耕地植物篱模式效益评价指标体系。应用熵值法与专家评分法相结合计算指标权重, 利用熵权决策法对6 种常见植物篱模式进行效益评价。结果表明: 生态效益以黄荆类植物篱最好, 紫背天葵类植物篱最差;经济效益以花椒类植物篱最高, 黄荆类植物篱最低; 社会效益以桑树类植物篱最好, 紫背天葵类植物篱最差。综合效益以花椒类植物篱最高, 其次是桑树、柑橘、沙梨、黄荆植物篱, 紫背天葵类植物篱最差。

Merits of hedgerows in slope farmlands in the Three Gorges Reservoir area

Hedgerow is an agro-forestry technique with tremendous ecological and socio-economic functions. Its ecological benefits include soil and water conservation, which in turn enhances soil fertility and soil physical properties. Hedgerows also provide additional employment and income to farmers. This paper used analytical hierarchy process theory to establish indicator system consistent with ecological and socio-economic functions. These indicators were then used to evaluate the merits of six hedgerow patterns in slope farmlands in the Three Gorges Reservoir area. The plant species of six hedgerow patterns were Citrus reticulate, Pyrus pyrifolia, Zanthoxylum bungeanum, Vitex negundo, Morus alba and Begonia fimbristipula respectively. The entropy weight decision-making and expert grade methods were integrated to calculate synthetic weights of the indicators. This provided a more accurate assessment of hedgerow benefits in the region. The study showed that the highest and lowest ecological benefits were from V. negundo and B. fimbristipula hedgerows, respectively. Z. bungeanum hedgerow had superior economic and an overall comprehensive benefit over the other hedgerow patterns in the region. The social benefit of M. alba hedgerow was the highest among all the hedgerow patterns.