笔竹开花生物学特性研究

目的]探讨笔竹(Pseudosasa viridula)开花生物学特性。方法]通过野外实地观测和解剖观察研究笔竹的开花林相、开花动态、花器官构造、结实情况等开花生物学特性。结果]笔竹为连续开花型竹种,花期为1-5月,盛花期为3月初至4月中旬,开花类型复杂多样,主要分为老竹开花型、新竹开花型、不开花型3种类型;自然条件下结实率极低,仅为0.12%,花后竹林更新主要通过无性繁殖。花序由3~4枚小穗组成,每枚小穗上具小花8~10朵,小花含1枚外稃、1枚内稃、3枚浆片,雄蕊多数为3枚,极少数为6枚,1枚雌蕊,柱头3裂,羽毛状;整个花序的开花顺序为自上而下,各小穗上小花的开花顺序为自下而上,为混合花序;雌雄同熟,果实为颖果。结论]本研究为竹类植物的杂交育种工作提供了参考。

Flowering Biological Characteristics of Pseudosasa viridula

Objective]To explore the flowering biological characteristics of Pseudosasa viridula S.L.Chen et G.Y.Sheng.Method]Field observation and optical anatomy were used to study the flowering biological characteristics of flowering forest facies,flowering dynamics,flower organ structure,fruiting condition and so on.Result]Pseudosasa viridula is a kind of continuous flowering bamboo species,and its flowering period is from January to May of each year,and the period of full bloom is from March 1 to April 15.The types of flowering are complex and diverse,which are mainly divided into three types:old bamboo flowering type,new bamboo flowering type and nonflowering type.Under natural conditions,the fruiting rate is very low,only 0.12%,and the regeneration of postflower bamboo forest conducts mainly through asexual reproduction.The whole inflorescence consists of 3 or 4 spikelets,with 8-10 florets on each spikelet.Each floret contains 1 lemma,1 palea,3 lodicules,stamens mostly 3(very few are 6),1 pistil and 3 plumose stigmas.The flowering order of the whole inflorescence is top-down,while the flowering order of florets on the same spikelet was bottom-up,so the inflorescence of Pseudosasa viridula belongs to the mixed inflorescence.The floret is monochogamy and the fruit is caryopsis.Conclusion]This study provides a theoretical reference for sexual breeding and cross breeding of bamboo,as well as a certain basis for the study of low seed setting rate and cross breeding of Pseudosasa viridula.