基于LUCC和景观格局变化的海南东寨港红树林湿地动态研究

目的 探究海南东寨港红树林湿地的动态变化，为推进红树林湿地保护、海岸带修复、退塘还湿等重大生态措施的开展提供理论参考。 方法 本研究从景观格局和土地利用两个层面描述东寨港地区红树林湿地的动态变化特征，通过结合土地利用/覆被变化（LUCC）和景观生态指数2种方法，探究红树林湿地动态变化。 结果 （1）从土地利用的角度看，1988—2016年间，研究区域养殖水面和建筑面积大比例增长，分别从占总面积的1.6%和1.86%，上升到11.89%和9.39%；林地和耕地面积相对减少，占比分别从17.61%和38.89%，下降到11.83%和27.06%；（2）从景观角度看，斑块密度和数量的上升、平均斑块面积的下降、面积加权平均形状破碎化指数的高位稳定等景观指标状态都显示东寨港地区在研究区间内景观破碎化程度正在逐渐加大；（3）景观破碎化指数与各景观类型面积变化的相关性分析结果表明，耕地面积的减少加上建筑用地和养殖水面面积的增加促使景观破碎化的加重；（4）红树林在整个研究区间内总面积未出现明显波动，与其它地类间的互动主要表现在耕地、养殖水面和水域之间的转换。 结论 东寨港红树林湿地在近30年间，发生了养殖水面和建筑面积的增长以及林地和耕地面积的减少等土地利用变化，而耕地面积的减少，建筑用地和养殖水面面积的增加促使景观破碎化加重。

Dynamic Analysis of Mangrove Wetlands Based on LUCC and Landscape Pattern Change in Dongzhai Port

Objective To study the dynamic change of mangrove wetland in Dongzhai port, Hainan Province, and provide references for mangrove wetland protection, coastal zone restoration, converting the pond for wetland and other major ecological measures. Method The dynamic change characteristics of mangrove wetland in Dongzhai port were described from two aspects of landscape pattern and land use, and the dynamic change of mangrove wetland was studied by combining land use/cover change (LUCC) and landscape ecological index. Result (1) From the perspective of land use, from 1988 to 2016, the proportion of aquaculture area and construction land in Dongzhai port increased significantly, from 1.6% and 1.86% of the total area to 11.89% and 9.39% respectively. The area of woodland and arable land decreased from 17.61% and 38.89% to 11.83% and 27.06% respectively. (2) From the perspective of landscape, the high stability landscape indexes such as the increase of the density and the number of patch, the decrease of the mean patch area, the area-weighted mean shape fragmentation index, indicated that the degree of landscape fragmentation increased gradually in the study area of Dongzhai port. (3) The landscape fragmentation index and some correlation analysis about the changes of each landscape area showed the reduction of arable land. While the increase of construction land and aquaculture area surface area directly aggravated the degree of landscape fragmentation. (4) Mangroves, as the most important element of mangrove wetland, its area was mainly affected by disasters and human factors. There was no obvious change in the whole mangroves area of the study area in Dongzhai port. The change of area was bound with other land types like arable land, aquaculture area and water area. Conclusion In the past 30 years, the change of land use in Dongzhai port was mainly reflected in the increase of aquaculture area and construction land, and the reduction of woodland and arable land. The decline of the arable land and the increase of construction land and aquaculture area directly aggravated the degree of landscape fragmentation. At the same time, conservation efforts are focused on mangrove forests.