燕山北部山区板栗优良种质资源收集及其品质评价

目的]通过等级评分和因子分析相结合的方法筛选优良种质,为板栗优良种质资源收集和选育提供借鉴。方法]在燕山北部山区收集板栗农家种和优良单株种质63个,以燕山早丰为对照,通过测定不同种质种子的单果鲜质量、含水量、淀粉、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白的含量,并且利用等级评价法和因子评价法综合求出各种质品质评价的排名。结果]在63个种质中,单果鲜质量QX63的最大,为13.6 g,QX59的最小,为6.5 g,平均值8.7 g;含水量QX61的最大,为50.7%,QX38的最小,为37.6%,平均值为42.9%;可溶性糖QX6的最大,为17.1%,QX53的最小,为4.8%,平均值9.8%;淀粉含量QX62的最大,为58.6%,QX5的最小,为17.4%,平均值为34.3%;可溶性蛋白QX39的最大,为1.1%,QX52的最小,为0.16%,平均值0.56%。品质综合评价前20名依次为QX42、QX34、QX8、QX43、QX7、QX6、QX41、QX35、QX55、QX22、QX61、QX2、QX4、QX30、QX52、QX40、QX11、QX5、QX49、QX58。结论]不同板栗种质之间单果鲜质量、含水量、淀粉、可溶性糖以及可溶性蛋白的含量存在显著差异,这些品质指标可作为优良种质资源的评价指标。QX42可以作为早熟种质,并且为最优种质;QX34(第2)、QX35(第8)可作为晚熟种质。

Collection and Quality Evaluation of Elite Chestnut Germplasm Resources in Northern Yanshan Mountains

Objective]To select the elite germplasms with the method combining both grade and factor evaluating so as to provide references for the collection and breeding of elite chestnut germlasms.Method]Sixty-three germplasms,including local varieties and elite individuals,were collected in NorthernYanshan Mountains and taking the chestnut cultivar‘Yanshanzaofeng’sample as the control.The ranking of quality assessments for different germplasms was determined by grade evaluating method and the factor evaluating method with the following physiological indexes:fresh weight,water content,starch,soluble sugars and soluble proteins,compared with those in‘Yanshanzaofeng’.Result]Among these germplasms,the average weight of single fresh seed was 8.7 g,while the maximum was 13.6 g and the minimum was 6.5 g.The average water content was 42.9%,while the maximum was 50.7%and the minimum was 37.6%.The average soluble sugar content was 9.8%,while the maximum was 17.1%and the minimum was 4.8%.The average starch content was 34.3%,while the maximum was 58.6%and the minimum was 17.4%.The average soluble protein content was 0.56%,while the maximum was 1.1%and the minimum was 0.16%.Conclusion]There are significant differences in fresh seed weight,water content,starch,soluble sugars and soluble proteins among the seeds from different chestnut germplasms.These quality indexs could be used as indicators for the evaluation of the elite germplasms.The elite germplasms estimated through the combination of the graded scores and the factor analysis in this study will provide references for the collection and selection of the elite chestnut germplasms.