基于3S技术的西藏岗巴草原资源空间格局分布现状

基于遥感（Remote Sensing,RS）、地理信息系统（Geographic Information System,GIS）和全球定位系统（Global Position System,GPS）,即3S技术,应用面向对象的自动分类与人机交互分类结合判读方式,以SPOT、TM影像为背景,结合地面调查样地及历史资料,准确获得岗巴县草原类型空间分布现状图件及统计数据。根据本次调查结果表明：岗巴县草原总面积为365222.89hm2,占岗巴县国土面积86.94%。该县草原类型共划分4个草原大类、6个草原亚类、21个草原型。各类草原类型面积最大为高寒草原类,占总草原面积58.66%;其次是高寒草甸类,占38.61%;第三位是高寒草甸草原类占2.56%;低地草甸类面积最少,占0.18%。该县草原退化、沙化、盐渍化面积为3809.91hm2,占该县草原面积的46.36%,其中草原退化面积31.44%;草原沙化占12.96%;草原盐渍化占1.96%。草原畜牧业是该县农牧民收入的重要来源,科技与政策支持是恢复草原资源,改善生态环境及可持续发展畜牧业的重要对策。

Space Distribution status of grassland resources of Gangba in Tibet based on 3S technonologies

Based on RS, GIS and GPS technologies, objected--oriented automatic classification and human-- computer interactive classification were used to obtained space distribution status map and statistical data of grassland resources of Gangba by field survey and history data, SPOT and TM images. The results showed that the area of Gangba grassland was 365222.89 ha and occupied 86.94% of Gangba land area. Gangba grassland was divided into 4 classes, 6 subclasses and 21 subtypes. The largest area was alpine grassland accounting for 58.66% of the Gangba grassland area, followed by alpine meadow of 38, 61 %, alpine meadow grassland of 2.56 % and lowland meadow of 0. 18 %. Degradation, desertification and salinization area of Gangba grassland was 3809.91 ha accounting for 46.36% of Gangba grassland area, with degraded grassland of 31.44%, desertified grassland of 12.96% and saline grassland of 1.96%. Grassland animal husbandry is an important source of county farmers＇ income. Technology and policy support are significant measures for the restoration of grassland resources, improvement of the ecological environment and sustainable development.