海南黑牛体型外貌测定与杂交效果初探

海南黑牛是利用良种日本黑毛和牛的冷冻精液与海南黄牛(雷琼黄牛)母牛进行人工授精所产的杂交后代.通过对海南黑牛进行外貌观察和体尺测量,研究其体型外貌与双亲的差异.结果表明,海南黑牛的多项体尺指标与母、父本相比都发生了变化.其外貌主要特征表现为头小颈短、面部清秀,体躯紧凑,背腰平直,无肩峰,毛呈黑色；而体尺测量除管围和管围指数外,体重、体高、胸围、体长等指标均比海南黄牛要小.即在外貌特征上,海南黑牛总体表现双亲的特性,毛色呈现日本和牛黑毛,体型接近海南黄牛小而清秀,但前期生长发育缓慢,表现出当地小型黄牛的特性.

Measurement of the Body Conformation for Hainan Black Crossbred Cattle and Hybridization Analysis

Hainan Black Cattle was the hybrid offspring of Hainan Yellow Cattle(♀,also called Leiqiong Cattle)and Japanese Black Cattle(♂) by artificial insemination.The difference between Hainan Black cattle and its patents in body conformation was studied based on the observation of their exterior appearance and measurements of body size.The results showed that there were many differences in body size indexes between Hainan Black cattle and its patents.Hainan Black cattle looked delicate and compact with relatively small head and short neck;the back were straight without acromion;and the body hair were black.The measurements of body size showed that body weight,body height,chest girth,and body length of Hainan Black cattle were all lower than those of Hainan Yellow cattle.It was indicated that Hainan Black Cattle showed the characteristics of its patents in body conformation.The body-hair color were black as Japanese Black Cattle;and the somatotypes were small and comely which was closed to Hainan Yellow Cattle.However,the growth of Hainan Black cattle in the early stages were slow;and it showed the characteristics of small-sized yellow cattle in the local area.