张家界国家森林公园最佳旅游环境容量研究

近年来，大量增加的游客给张家界国家森林公园的环境带来了较大的压力.为了实现公园的环境保护及可持续发展目标，必须确定公园的最佳旅游环境容量，以此来进行公园的游客管理及接待设施的调控.该研究采用实地调查法，以床位数、游道长度及水体中总磷含量作为衡量指标，分别对公园的经济发展容量、日空间容量、不同季节生态环境容量进行了测算，在此基础上根据“木桶原理”确定了公园的最佳旅游环境容量.结果表明:公园的经济发展容量为41 400人/d，日空间容量为13 255人/d，春、夏、秋、冬4个季节的生态环境容量差异较大，分别为1 848、3 879、1 307和775人/d.根据环保效益和经济效益相结合的原则，确定公园最佳旅游环境容量为13 255人/d，公园“境内最佳住宿容量”春季为1 848人/d，夏季为3 879人/d，秋季为1 307人/d，冬季为775人/d.以上结果可为公园入园游客人数、接待区住宿游客人数及接待设施存量控制与管理提供依据. 关键词:张家界国家森林公园；经济发展容量；日空间容量；生态环境容量；最佳旅游环境容量；境内最佳住宿容量 

The best tourism environmental capacity of Zhangjiajie National Forest Park,southern China

The rapid increasing tourists have brought a biggsh environmental pressure to Zhangjiajie National Forest Park in recent years.In order to realize the environmental protection and sustainable development,the best environmental capacity of the park must be made out to manage the tourists and control the numbers of hotels in the park.Using the field suvey method,the number of bed,the length of travel path and the total phosphorus content of water were used as the measuring indices to calculate the economic developmental capacity,daily spatial capacity,and seasonal ecological environmental capacity of the park respectively.Based on the calculation of economic development capacity,daily spatial capacity,and seasonal ecological environment capacity,the best tourism environmental capacities of Zhangjiajie National Forest Park,Hunan Province of China were made out.The results showed that the economic developmental capacity of the park was 41 400 persons per day,the daily spatial capacity was 13 255 persons per day,and the seasonal ecological environmental capacities varied markedly,which were 1 848 persons per day in spring,3 879 in summer,1 307 in autumn and 775 persons per day in winter.Through anzlyzing these results,the paper ascertained the best tourism environmental capacity of Zhangjiajie National Forest Park as 13 255 persons per day,and "the best inside accommodation capacity" of the park was 1 848 persons per day in spring,3 879 in summer,1 307 in autumn and 775 persons per day in winter.The results can provide suggestions to the management and control of the number of tourists entrying the park,the number of tourists accommodated in the park and the number of the hotels hold in the park.