对中国黄牛资源认知及持续利用问题的冷思考

黄牛资源（Chinese indigenous cattle breed resources）是中国牛肉产业发展的基础母本资源,对其正确认知具有重要的科学意义和实践指导性.依据相关动物育种学基本原理和养牛学基本知识,说明前辈科学家对黄牛资源的经济类型界定——为“地方品种”——的科学性,并依据数量指标——牛肉用指数（BPI）和牛品种科技含量（K值）指数证明其客观真实性.这已成为业界共识.然而,近年来却出现了一些异常现象,如：将各种牛（Cat-tle）统称为“肉牛”;有人说本地黄牛品种已成为“优秀的肉牛品种”;还有人不顾国内牛数剧减的事实而极力夸大品种内数量.这些在学术上均属学术不端行为（非科学或伪科学作法）.背离前人界定,撕裂已有共识,客观上表现出四方面危害：扰乱国际粮农组织（FAO）通用规则（FAO统计无有“肉牛”项）、搅乱业界内外人心（损害对“肉牛”科学概念的学习与理解）、抹煞本地黄牛的种质资源价值（冠以“肉牛”而虚化资源意义）、阉割新育成的肉牛品种的种质创新价值（“假似真时真亦假”）.对此种种异象应予以厘清,还发展中的中国养牛科学以尊严.本文对黄牛资源保护利用提出了建议,并对农业部发布的“2011～2025：肉牛遗传改良计划”中存有的不周之处也提出了修补意见,以利对黄牛资源的正确认知和持续利用,促进牛肉产业中牛源基础的稳定发展.

Calmly Thinking on the Cognition of the Chinese Indigenous Yellow Cattle Breed Resources and Sustainable Utilization

The Chinese yellow cattle resource is the basis of maternal resources for the development of Chinese beef industry, so the cognition of these cherished breed resources is an important issue. According to the basic knowledge of animal breeding and cattle raising described by academic predecessors, it is a sci- entific definition that the Chinese yellow cattle resources belong to ＂the indigenous cattle breeds-type＂ as well as beef purpose index （BPI） and cattle breed technology content （K index） is put up. However, re- cently some scholars （e. g. doctors from Agriculture Science） have wrong understanding about the cattle resources, such as regarding the yellow cattle breeds as beef cattle or excellent beef breed. Moreover, some scholars did their utmost to exaggerate present number of inventory cattle. All these recognition will destroy the sustainable utility and development of Chinese yellow cattle. So, this article pointed out some academic misconduct acts, and propounded some suggestions on protection and sustainable utilization of Chinese yellow cattle resources.