Development of an automated monitoring device to quantify changes in firmness of apples during storage |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Science of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Foggia, Italy;2. KU Leuven – University of Leuven, Division MeBioS – Postharvest Group, Willem de Croylaan 42, BE3001 Leuven, Belgium;3. Flanders Centre of Postharvest Technology (VBCT), Willem de Croylaan 42, BE3001 Leuven, Belgium;1. Beijing Research Center of Intelligent Equipment for Agriculture, Beijing, 100097, China;2. National Research Center of Intelligent Equipment for Agriculture, Beijing, 100097, China;3. Key Laboratory of Agri-Informatics, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100097, China;4. School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China;1. Beijing Research Center of Intelligent Equipment for Agriculture, Beijing 100097, China;2. National Research Center of Intelligent Equipment for Agriculture, Beijing 100097, China;3. Key Laboratory of Agri-informatics, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100097, China;4. Beijing Key Laboratory of Intelligent Equipment Technology for Agriculture, Beijing 100097, China;1. College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China;2. United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service (USDA/ARS), Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States;3. College of Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210031, China;1. College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China;2. Key Laboratory of on Site Processing Equipment for Agricultural Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China |
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| Abstract: | An automated firmness monitoring system for apples was developed to estimate loss of firmness during storage and determine the time when cool stores should be opened. The non-destructive acoustic impulse response technique was chosen to measure firmness. This technique was very reproducible and its sensitivity to firmness changes was greater than the sensitivity of penetrometer measurements with a materials testing device. The correlation between the acoustic impulse response technique and penetrometer varied according to the apple cultivar and freshness. The developed automated fruit firmness monitoring system is composed of a rotating disc on which a representative fruit sample is located, an electromagnetic excitation mechanism, and an optical sensor to detect the position of the apples. A microphone records the apple vibrations at impact and is linked to a computer with a data acquisition and analysis programme, which is placed outside the cool store. A first-order degradation model, fitted to the measured firmness data, is used to estimate the time when the cool stores should be opened to guarantee an average firmness after storage. |
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