低温预处理对籼稻花粉植株诱导的效应

4个籼稻杂交组合,取花粉发育阶段为单核中晚期的穗子,置于9—11℃低温下预处理14天而后接种于不同培养基上。在接种的25,840枚花药中6,203枚花药产生愈伤组织,诱导率平均为24%(对照为3.4%)。随机取1,771枚花药的愈伤组织转入分化培养基进行分化培养,583枚花药的愈伤组织分化绿苗。分化频率平均为32.9%(对照为11%)。绿苗总诱导率为7.9%。观察汕优2号稻穗置于9—11℃低温预处理2—33天后进行花药培养。愈伤组织诱导率及绿苗分化率均以冷处理20天为最高。如温度降低则处理时间相应缩短。另外不同材料对冷处理的最适时间温度也稍有不同。正交试验结果表明,冷处理对花药培养效率的影响远比培养基的效率大。组织学观察表明,低温预处理能提高花药离体培养成活率,促使更多花粉细胞分裂发育成多细胞团。

THE COLD-PRETREATMENT EFFEOT ON THE RATE OF POLLEN-INDUCED PLANT OF HSIEN RICE

Rice(Oryza sativa L.Subsp.Hsien)panicles,of four hybridized combi- nations,containing pollens developed at the mid- to the late-unnucleate tage,were subjected to temperature(9—11℃)for 14 days,and plated on n different media.Of the 25,840 anthers cultured,6,203 out of 25,840(24%) anthers induced calli formation(control being 3.4%),and 583 out of 1,771 (32.9%)calli of the anthers continued to grow in the cultures and differen- tiated into green plantlets,(control being 11%).The total frequency of green plants induced was 7.9%. Observation on the panicles of San-Yu,two of them maintained cold- pretreatment at the temperature of 9-11℃ for 2 to 33 days.The maximum frequency of calli formation and green plantlets production derived from coldpretreatment appeared to be at 20 days(table 3 and table 4).A general trend could be seen that the lower the temperature (6-8℃) the shorter became the optimum time duration in days(12 days),(table 5).It appeared alsothat,with different materials employed the temperature for pretreat- ment and duration of time in days were quite different. The result of orthogonal test indicates that the effect of cold-pretreat- ment on anther cultures is more distinct than that of the media(table 7). The histological observation revealed that the survival rate of the anther cultures under cold-pretreatment can be increased and the division of pollen cells developing into multicellular mass will be promoted.