氮肥对植食性昆虫的影响及其对水稻主要害虫种群的诱导

绝大多数的室内和实验室研究表明氮肥对植食性昆虫的寄主选择性、食物消耗和利用、存活和生长发育、生殖和种群动态以及整个群落均有促进作用。但也有少量研究发现氮肥对植食性昆虫的表现无明显影响，甚至对极少数昆虫有负作用。在亚洲，水稻主要害虫稻纵卷叶螟、稻飞虱和钻蛀性螟虫种群的猖獗发生与稻田施用氮肥有关，稻田过量施用氮肥对这些害虫的种群发展均有促进作用。为了有效地降低稻田氮肥的施用量、减少对环境的污染，必须提高氮肥的利用率。

Nitrogen Fertilizer Affects Herbivores and Stimulates the Populations of Major Insect Pests of Rice

Nitrogen is firmly considered as one of the most important factors affacting the development of herbivore populations.The application of nitrogen fertilizers in plants can normally increase herbivore feeding preference,food consumption,survival,growth,reproduction,and population density.But a few examples had also reported that nitrogen fertilizer reduces the herbivore performances.In most of rice growing areas in Asia,the greatly increased populations of major rice insect pests,including planthoppers(Nilaparvata lugens and Sogatella furcifera),leaffolder (Cnaphalocrocis medinalis),and stem borers(Scirpophaga incertulas,Chilo suppressalis,S.innotata,C.polychrysus and Sesamia inferens),were mainly attributed to the long-term excessive application of nitrogen fertilizers,in addition to the misuse of insecticides.The optimal regime of nitrogen fertilizer in irrigated paddy fields was proposed for improving the fertilizer-nitrogen use efficiency and reducing the environmental pollution.