面向储罐碳排放溯源的油品蒸发及油气扩散研究进展

储罐油品蒸发及油气扩散行为会对大气环境、社会经济、罐区安全等造成不利影响。以面向储罐碳排放溯源的油气蒸发扩散研究为脉络，从理论、实验及模拟3方面归纳总结了储罐油气蒸发扩散的研究现状及研究成果：通过理论分析揭示了罐内气液相变、气相中的油气传质及气体扩散的潜在机理；通过对现场实测及风洞实验成果进行分析，发现实验研究主要集中于罐内原油的温变特性、车船装油作业的油气排放、储罐结构的动态变化等方面；利用直接数值模拟（DNS）、雷诺平均模拟（RANS）、大涡模拟（LES）等方法，针对不同因素耦合作用下油气的气液传质、流动界面追踪、气体扩散流动过程等进行分析，可大范围追踪扩散物质，节省成本和时间。最后基于油气行业低碳发展需求，对储罐油气蒸发扩散问题提出建议与展望，以期实现环境保护综合效益最大化。（图3，表2，参71）

Research progress of oil evaporation and vapor diffusion for traceability of carbon emissions from storage tanks

Oil evaporation and vapor diffusion from storage tanks will have adverse effects on atmospheric environment, social economy and the safety of tank farm. In this study, the current status and achievement of the researches on oil evaporation and vapor diffusion were summarized in terms of theoretical analysis, experimental research and numerical simulation for tracing carbon emission from storage tanks. Specifically, the potential mechanism of vapor-liquid phase change, mass transfer of oil vapor in the tank gas space, and vapor diffusion were revealed through theoretical analysis. Meanwhile, the field test and wind tunnel experiment were reviewed, which show that most experimental researches are performed in the aspects of temperature variation characteristics of crude oil in tanks, oil vapor emission during vehicle and ship loading, and dynamic structural change of storage tanks. In addition, simulation methods like Direct Numerical Simulation(DNS), Reynolds Average NavierStokes(RANS), and Large Eddy Simulation(LES) were used to analyze the vapor-liquid mass transfer, dynamic tracing of oil-gas interface and the process of vapor diffusion and flow under the coupling of different factors, which could trace diffused substances in a wide range with lower costs and shorter time. Finally, based on the low-carbon development demand of oil and gas industry, suggestions and prospects for oil evaporation and vapor diffusion in storage tanks were put forward with the expectation to maximize the comprehensive benefits of environmental protection.