化肥减量配施微生物肥料对垂穗披碱草生长的影响

为研究微生物肥料（MF）与化肥（CF）对垂穗披碱草的促生最佳施用配比，通过盆栽试验探究了化肥减量20%和40%分别配施5种剂量（60、90、120、150、180 kg·hm^-2）微生物肥料对垂穗披碱草农艺性状、根系和营养品质的影响。结果表明：第1茬，80%CF （240 kg·hm^-2）配施90 kg·hm^-2MF，垂穗披碱草株高、茎粗、干草产量较对照（CK）分别提高34.86%、44.83%、3.08%；80%CF配施120 kg·hm^-2MF，粗脂肪含量较CK提高22.97%，酸性洗涤纤维（ADF）含量较CK降低6.59%；80%CF配施150 kg·hm^-2MF，粗蛋白含量较CK提高36.09%，80%CF配施90 kg·hm^-2MF，中性洗涤纤维（NDF）含量降低15.64%。第2茬，80%CF配施60 kg·hm^-2MF，垂穗披碱草总根长较CK增加34.77%；80%CF配施90 kg·hm^-2MF，株高、茎粗、干草产量和总根表面积较CK分别提高80.43%、66.34%、13.08%和8.66%；80%CF配施120 kg·hm^-2MF，粗蛋白和粗脂肪含量、总根体积、地下部鲜重和干重分别较CK提高25.30%、14.61%、45.54%、19.39%和51.04%；80%CF配施180 kg·hm^-2MF，ADF和NDF含量分别较CK降低8.13%和8.88%。通过主成分分析，化肥减量20%（240 kg·hm^-2）与微生物肥料（90 kg·hm^-2）配施对垂穗披碱草促生效果最好。

Effect of reducing chemical fertilizer and substitution with microbial fertilizer on the growth of Elymus nutans

This research aimed to identify the ideal ratio of microbial fertilizer （MF） and chemical fertilizer （CF） to promote growth of Elymus nutans. Compared with a typical CF application of 300 kg·ha^-1， this study explored fertilizer reductions of 20% or 40% （80%CF and 60%CF， respectively） and substitution with MF at rates of 60， 90， 120， 150 or 180 kg·ha^-1. Effects on agronomic characters， the root system and nutritional quality of E. nutans were evaluated. It was found that at the first harvest， 80%CF （240 kg·ha^-1） combined with 90 kg·ha^-1 MF increased E. nutans plant height， stem thickness and hay yield by 34.86%， 44.83% and 3.08%， respectively compared with CK， while 80%CF combined with 120 kg·ha^-1 MF increased the crude fat content of plants by 22.97% compared with CK and decreased acid detergent fiber content by 6.59%. 80%CF combined with 150 kg·ha^-1 MF increased plant crude protein content by 36.09% and 80%CF （240 kg·ha^-1） combined with 90 kg·ha^-1 MF decreased neutral detergent fiber content by 15.64%. At the second harvest， 80%CF combined with 60 kg·ha^-1 MF increased total plant root length by 34.77% compared with CK； 80%CF combined with 90 kg·ha^-1 MF increased plant height， stem thickness， hay yield and the total root surface area by 80.43%， 66.34%， 13.08% and 8.66%， respectively； 80%CF combined with 120 kg·ha^-1 MF increased plant crude protein and crude fat content， total root volume， underground fresh weight and underground dry weight by 25.30%， 14.61%， 45.54%， 19.39% and 51.04%， respectively； 80%CF combined with 180 kg·ha^-1MF reduced acid detergent fiber and neutral detergent fiber content of plants by 8.13% and 8.88%， respectively， compared with CK. Through principal component analysis， the combined application of 20% fertilizer reduction （240 kg CF·ha^-1） and 90 kg·ha^-1 microbial fertilizer gave the best growth promotion effect on E. nutans.