减氮配施有机肥对‘青海甜燕麦’光合特性和产量的影响

为探究减氮配施有机肥对燕麦光合特性和产量的影响，本研究以‘青海甜燕麦’(Avena sativa‘Qinghai’)为试验材料，设不施氮(CK)、常规施肥施氮(T1)、75%氮肥+有机肥(T2)、50%氮肥+有机肥(T3)、75%氮肥(基肥∶拔节肥=3∶7)+有机肥(T4)和50%氮肥(基肥∶拔节肥=3∶7)+有机肥(T5)6个处理并测定了燕麦的的生长发育、光合生理和营养品质指标。结果表明：75%氮肥配施有机肥分期施用能获得较高的秸秆产量和种子产量，比常规施氮水平分别提高10.16%和5.54%;在抽穗、开花和乳熟期75%氮肥配施有机肥分期施用对‘青海甜燕麦’的生长发育、光合生理指标、营养品质起到改善作用；相关性表明种子产量与千粒重、单株小穗数、单株穗粒数和穗长呈显著正相关关系(P<0.001),相关性系数分别达0.69,0.75,0.85和0.93。综上，给燕麦按比例分期施用75%氮肥配施有机肥在青海省湟中地区效果最佳。

Effects of Nitrogen Reduction Combined with Organic Fertilizer on Photosynthetic Characteristics and Yield of Avena sativa'Qinghai'

In order to explore the effect of nitrogen reduction combined with organic fertilizer on photosynthetic characteristics and yield of oat,Avena sativa‘Qinghai’was used as the experimental material.There were six treatments including no nitrogen application(CK),conventional fertilization(T1),75%nitrogen fertilizer+organic fertilizer(T2),50%nitrogen fertilizer+organic fertilizer(T3),75%nitrogen fertilizer(base fertilizer∶jointing fertilizer=3∶7)+organic fertilizer(T4)and 50%nitrogen fertilizer(base fertilizer∶jointing fertilizer=3∶7)+organic fertilizer(T5).The results showed that 75%nitrogen fertilizer combined with organic fertilizer could obtain higher straw yield and seed yield,which were 10.16%and 5.54%higher than the conventional nitrogen application level,respectively.At heading,flowering and milk ripening stages,75%nitrogen fertilizer combined with organic fertilizer could promote and improve the growth and development,photosynthetic physiological indexes and nutritional quality of Avena sativa‘Qinghai’.The correlation analysis showed that there was a significant positive correlation between seed yield and 1000 grain weight,spikelet per plant,grains per panicle per plant and panicle length(P<0.001),and the correlation coefficients were 0.69,0.75,0.85 and 0.93 respectively.In conclusion,the effect of 75%nitrogen fertilizer combined with organic fertilizer applied by stages in proportion is the best in Huangzhong area of Qinghai Province.