一种耐盐碱牧草——长穗偃麦草研究进展

长穗偃麦草是一种耐盐碱、耐旱、耐涝的多年生冷季型牧草，已在美国、加拿大、澳大利亚等国大面积种植。自1954年起，作为小麦遗传改良的重要资源，在我国长期被用作小麦远缘杂交的亲本。尽管1980-1990年代我国曾引进长穗偃麦草用于防风固沙和牧草生产，但鲜有大面积种植的报道。全世界已审定推广了10个以上的长穗偃麦草品种，而我国目前还没有自主选育的长穗偃麦草品种。2012年起中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所李振声组先后在北京、曹妃甸、南皮、海兴、东营等地进行多年多点种植试验，再次证实其耐盐碱高产特性。于是，2020年1月李振声提出了利用环渤海盐碱荒地种植耐盐碱牧草（如长穗偃麦草）建立“滨海草带”的设想。为此，需建立适合长穗偃麦草大面积种植的栽培技术、选育耐盐高产新品种。本研究综述了国内外有关长穗偃麦草耐盐碱、耐涝、耐旱等特点及牧草品质、品种选育、栽培技术与长穗偃麦草“滨海草带”方面的研究进展，以期为长穗偃麦草研究利用与示范推广提供参考。

Progress in research on tall wheatgrass as a salt-alkali tolerant forage grass

Tall wheatgrass （Elytrigia elongata） is a perennial cool season forage grass that is tolerant to salt-alkali， waterlogging， and drought. It has been cultivated for more than half a century in the United States， Canada， Australia， and other countries. It has also been used as a distant hybridization parent for wheat genetic improvement in China since 1954. Although some tall wheatgrass varieties were introduced and grown as forage and sand-stabilizing plants in North China during the 1980s-1990s， it has not been cultivated as widely in China as in other countries. More than 10 varieties were certified and released in the United States， Canada， Australia， and other countries. However， no tall wheatgrass variety was certified and released in China currently. Li Zhen-sheng’s group has studied tall wheatgrass cultivated in Beijing， Caofeidian， Nanpi， Haixing， and Dongying， China for 8 years， and found that it grows well and is highly productive in saline and alkaline soils. On the basis of those findings， Li proposed a new concept of a “coastal grass belt”， wherein salt-alkali tolerant forage grass could be grown in coastal areas with saline and alkaline soils. There are 667000 hectares of saline and alkaline soils where it is unprofitable to grow cereal crops in the coastal Circum-Bohai sea region in China. In such areas， the cultivation of perennial forage grasses such as tall wheatgrass would not only meet the increasing local demands for hay， pasture， and silage， but also minimize soil erosion and salinization. However， the paucity of tall wheatgrass varieties and limited knowledge of cultivation techniques are major challenges. These issues must be addressed before tall wheatgrass can be used to create a “coastal grass belt” in China. Here， we review the results of studies on its tolerance to salt， drought， and waterlogging， and on forage quality， cultivars， and cultivation techniques. We also discuss the progress to date in using tall wheatgrass to create a “coastal grass belt”.