饲用麦类作物的生物量积累和营养品质动态变化规律

为了探究饲用麦类作物生物量积累和营养品质动态变化规律，2016-2018年在华北平原的河北衡水测定了黑麦、冬性饲用小黑麦、冬小麦、粮饲兼用型小黑麦、燕麦、青稞和春性饲用小黑麦7类麦类作物从拔节期至蜡熟期的生长发育进程、生物量和营养成分含量动态变化。结果显示：黑麦、冬性饲用小黑麦、冬小麦和粮饲兼用型小黑麦一般在5月中下旬达到乳熟期，而燕麦、青稞和春性饲用小黑麦一般在6月上旬。7类麦类作物的平均生物量从拔节期的2.72×10³ kg·hm^-2增长到蜡熟期的10.19×10³ kg·hm^-2，其中冬性饲用小黑麦在各个生育期生物量均显著高于其他6类麦类作物（P<0.05），较其他6类麦类作物平均提高61.4%。7类麦类作物的粗蛋白含量随着生育期进程逐渐降低，淀粉含量逐渐升高，酸性洗涤纤维和中性洗涤纤维含量在开花期前逐渐升高，开花期后略有下降。采用Milk 2006综合评价7类麦类作物饲用品质显示，冬小麦从孕穗期后饲用品质优于其他6类麦类作物，吨干物质产奶量较其他6类麦类作物平均提高6.9%。综合生物量和饲用品质及生育期，冬性饲用小黑麦拔节期至蜡熟期hm²产奶量均显著高于其他6类麦类作物（P<0.05），较其他6类麦类作物平均提高46.3%，综合表现好，适于在华北平原大面积推广种植。

Dynamic changes in biomass accumulation and nutritional quality of triticeae forages

To elucidate the dynamics of biomass accumulation and nutritional quality of triticeae forages， seven species or varieties of triticeae forages （rye， winter triticale， winter wheat， grain-forage triticale， oats， barley， spring triticale） were studied. The growth and development process from the jointing stage to the dough stage and the dynamic changes in dry matter yield and nutrient content were analyzed for crops in the North China Plain from 2016 to 2018. It was found that rye， winter triticale， winter wheat， grain-forage triticale generally reached the milk stage in mid to late May， while oats， barley and spring triticale generally reached the milk stage in early June. The average biomass of the seven tested triticeae forages increased from 2.72 t·ha^-1 at the jointing stage to 10.19 t·ha^-1 at the dough stage. The biomass of winter triticale at each growth stage was significantly higher than that of the other six triticeae forages tested （P<0.05）， and was 61.4% higher than the average for those six crops. The crude protein content of all seven crops decreased gradually as the crops developed and matured， while the starch content increased gradually. The acid detergent fiber and neutral detergent fiber contents increased gradually up to flowering， but decreased slightly thereafter. The software Milk 2006 was used to perform a multi-trait evaluation of the feeding quality of the seven triticeae forages. This analysis indicated that the feeding quality of winter wheat was better than that of the other six tested crops after the booting stage， and the milk yield per ton dry matter was predicted to be 6.9% higher on average than that of the other six crops. Multivariate analysis of biomass and feeding quality across growth stages showed that the milk yield per hectare of winter triticale from the jointing stage to the dough stage was on average 46.3% higher （P<0.05） than that of the other six tested crops. In this research， on the North China Plain， winter triticale performed best among the tested crops and it is recommended that the planting of winter triticale should be promoted.