准噶尔盆地东南缘绿洲-荒漠交错带土壤螨类群落特征初步研究

为了查明准噶尔盆地东南缘绿洲-荒漠交错带土壤螨类群落特征及其季节动态变化,2010年4月、7月、9月和11月中旬对该区的自然林、人工林、耕地、菜地、荒草原、灌木林及荒漠等7种不同生境进行采样调查研究。结果表明,共获得土壤螨类5200只,隶属于4目41科61属,其中菌甲螨属(Scheloribates)和若合甲螨属(Zygoribatula)为该区的优势类群,分别占总数量的18.21%和12.52%,而懒甲螨属(Nothrus)、扇珠足甲螨属(Licnodamaeus)、盖头甲螨属(Tectocepheus)、尖棱甲螨属(Ceratozetes)大翼甲螨属(Galumna)等15类群为常见类群,占总数量的53.6%。其余的44类群为稀有类群,占总量的15.67%。研究区七种不同生境土壤螨类个体数和类群数均有差异,个体数分别为自然林>菜地>荒草原>人工林>灌木林>耕地>荒漠;类群数分别为自然林>人工林>灌木林>荒草原>菜地>耕地>荒漠。不同季节所获得的土壤螨类总个体数量的大小顺序为9月>11月>7月>4月。垂直分布结果表明土壤螨类主要集中分布于表层土壤,即0～5cm土层最多,其次为5～10cm土层,在10cm以下的土层中土壤螨类数量急剧减少,不同土层间的个体数差异极显著(P<0.01)。

A preliminary studies on the community characteristics of soil mites in oasis-desert ecotone in southeastern edge of Junggar Basin,Xinjiang

In order to provide a scientific basis of understanding the characteristics of community structure and seasonal dynamics of soil mites in different habitats in oasis-desert ecotone on southeastern edge of Junggar basin,the investigation was made in April,July,September and November of 2010.The result showed that a total of 5200 soil mites were captured and classified into 4 orders,41 families,61 genera.Among of them Scheloribates and Zygoribatula are dominant groups,and account for 18.21% and 12.52% of total individuals collected,respectively.Nothrus,Licnodamaeus,Tectocepheus,Ceratozetes,Galumna and so on are common groups,and account for 53.6%,and the other 44 genus belong to the rare groups and they only account for 15.67%.There are significant differences of composition and individual of soil mites among the 7 different habitats in the oasis-desert ecotone(p<0.05).Order of group number is natural forest > artificial forest > shrubbery > desert grassland > vegetable land > farm land > desert,and the sequence of individual number is natural forest > vegetable land > desert grassland > shrubbery > desert grassland > farm land > desert.The vertical distribution of the individuals and groups are mainly in the layer of 0～5 cm in the soil profile,with the increasing depth of soil layers,the number of individuals and groups of soil mites are decreased(P<0.01),and the soil mites in the below 10 cm soil layer are drastically declined.There are significant differences within seasonal variation in the composition and individuals of soil mites community,and the sequence of seasonal dynamic of individual number of the soil mites is September > November > July > April.