乌鲁木齐地区蜘蛛群落特征研究

为查明乌鲁木齐地区蜘蛛群落特征及其变化,2008年4月7月及9月中旬对该区6种不同生境蜘蛛群落特征进行了调查,共获得蜘蛛2195只,分别隶属于28科47属71种。在六种不同生境共有的优势类群为狼蛛科Lycosidae、跳蛛科Salticidae、园蛛科Araneidae和蟹蛛科Thomisidae等四科,占总捕获量的54.94%。常见类群为逍遥蛛科Philodromidae、球腹蛛科Theridiidae、狡蛛科Dolomedidae、妩蛛科Uloboridae、漏斗网蛛科Agelenidae、幽灵蛛科Pholcidae、皿网蛛科Linyphiidae等7科,占总捕获量的34.52%,其余7科为稀有类群,仅占总捕获量的4.54%。不同生境所获得蜘蛛个体数和类群数之间差异均为显著(P<0.05),其个体数顺序为自然榆林>草地>防护林>居民点>果园>菜地,类群数顺序为自然榆林>防护林>草地>果园>居民点>菜地。不同生境蜘蛛组成和数量分布在不同季节之间差异较大,个体数在不同季节之间差异均为显著(P<0.05),其顺序为夏季>春季>秋季。以上结果表明,乌鲁木齐地区蜘蛛资源比较丰富,生境类型影响蜘蛛群落分布格局,植被丰富度和人为干扰是影响蜘蛛群落的重要因素。

The characteristics of community structure of ground-dwelling spider in the different habitats from Urumqi

The relationships between community structure and different habitat types of ground-dwelling spider were investigated using small plot direct searching method to assess the impact of land-use type and habitat management on spider community structure in six different habitat types(namely,natural forest,shelter forest,orchard,vegetable field,grassland and residential area) in April,July and September in 2008 in Urumqi,Xinjiang,southwestern China.A total of 2195 individual spiders were collected from various habitats,and representing 28 families,47 genus,71 species.In generally,the dominant families collected from the whole area of ground-dwelling spider are Lycosidae,Salticidae,Araneidae,and Thomisidae,which accounted for 54.94% of total species collections.The common families are Philodromidae,Theridiidae,Dolomedidae,Uloboridae,Agelenidae,Pholcidae,and Linyphiidae collected from that area,they account for 34.52% of total species collections,the other 7 families are belonged to the rare groups,and they only accounted for 4.54%% of total species collections.There are significant differences between the individual numbers and group numbers in the six different habitats and different seasons(P<0.05),the sequences of individual number are natural forest>grassland>shelter forest>residential area>orchard>vegetable field,it occurs the highest number in Summer,and the lowest in Autumn.The abundance of ground-dwelling spider in the natural forest are significantly higher than the remaining five types of habitats. The above results indicat that the ground-dwelling spider of Urumqi area are rich in natural resources and community,different habitat types have a strong impact on ground-dwelling spider composition and distribution pattern,the plant community abundance and anthropogenic disturbance are the main impact factors of the community structure of ground-dwelling spiders.