盐碱胁迫对骏枣养分吸收、积累及运转的影响

为揭示基于树体养分吸收、利用与积累特征的骏枣耐盐碱适应性生理机制，通过测定不同浓度盐碱处理下10年生骏枣各器官中N、P、K、Ca、Mg、Fe、Mn、Zn、Cu、Na等矿质元素的含量，分析养分在骏枣不同器官中的吸收、积累与运输分配特征。结果表明：矿质离子在盐碱胁迫下主要集中在主根、多年生枝，有无盐碱胁迫时Na⁺都主要聚集在主根中，K⁺浓度在叶片中最高，可以保持较高的K⁺/Na⁺。在低浓度盐碱胁迫（60 mmol·L^-1）下Mg、Ca的运输能力增强；高浓度盐碱胁迫（180 mmol·L^-1）下须根至叶片的Mg、Ca运输能力分别显著下降44.7%和33.1%，叶片中Ca²⁺/Na⁺、Mg²⁺/Na⁺值分别显著降低72.8%和71.6%，但仍大于1；其他器官中K⁺/Na⁺、Ca²⁺/Na⁺、Mg²⁺/Na⁺保持稳定且大于1。相较于CK，高浓度盐碱胁迫下当年生枝中的Mn、Fe含量与多年生枝中的Mg含量分别升高了14.01%、11.11%、10.52%，Cu、Zn、Mn、Fe在须根中的含量分别升高了117.53%、25.65%、84.98%、26.19%，主根中N、P、Zn、Mn、Fe、Ca的含量分别下降了23.07%、15.38%、80.48%、49.58%、8.82%、30.44%。结果表明成年骏枣树的盐适应机制主要是通过根对Na⁺的聚积作用，以及叶对K、Mg和Ca的选择性吸收能力增强来实现的。

Effects of saline and alkaline stress on nutrient uptake, accumulation and transportion in ‘Junzao’ Jujube

To reveal the physiological mechanism of salt alkali tolerance of ‘Junzao’ Jujube based on characteristics of nutrient absorption, utilization, and accumulation in ‘Junzao’ Jujube trees, the content of mineral elements such as N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Na in organs of ‘Junzao’ Jujube under different concentrations of salt alkali treatment was measured. The characteristics of nutrient absorption, accumulation, and transportation distribution in different organs of ‘Junzao’ Jujube were analyzed. The results showed that mineral ions were mainly concentrated in the main roots and perennial branches under salt alkali stress. With and without salt alkali stress, Na⁺ mainly gathered in the main roots of ‘Junzao’ Jujube, and the K⁺ concentration was highest in the leaves, which can maintain a high K⁺/Na⁺ concentration. The transport capacity of Mg and Ca was enhanced at low concentrations of saline alkali (60 mmol·L^-1). Under high concentration saline alkali (180 mmol·L^-1), the transport capacity of Mg and Ca from fibrous roots to leaves significantly decreased by 44.7% and 33.1%, and the Ca²⁺/Na⁺ and Mg²⁺/Na⁺ values in leaves significantly decreased by 72.8% and 71.6%, but still greater than 1. In other organs, K⁺/Na⁺, Ca²⁺/Na⁺ and Mg²⁺/Na⁺ remained stable and greater than 1. Compared with CK, the Mn and Fe content in the annual branches and the Mg content in the perennial branches increased by 14.01%, 11.11%, and 10.52% respectively under high concentration saline alkali. The content of Cu, Zn, Mn, and Fe in the fibrous roots increased by 117.53%, 25.65%, 84.98%, and 26.19%, while the content of N, P, Zn, Mn, Fe, and Ca in the main roots decreased by 23.07%, 15.38%, 80.48%, 49.58%, 8.82%, and 30.44%. The results indicated that the salt adaptation mechanism of adult ‘Junzao’ Jujube was mainly achieved through the accumulation of Na⁺ by roots and the enhanced selective absorption ability of K, Mg, and Ca by leaves.