振动分离式根茎类中药材收获机设计与试验

根茎类中药材收获机使用固定式挖掘铲收获时挖掘阻力大、挖掘深度不足、碎土能力差、功率损耗严重，针对上述问题设计一种振动挖掘分离根茎类中药材收获机。该机采用偏心轮构成的振动挖掘装置、一级药土分离装置、振动式二级药土分离装置等结构，实现根茎类药材的挖掘、分离、输送。对关键部件进行设计分析与仿真，并进行了田间试验。仿真试验表明：挖掘铲入土性能好，挖掘时对根茎挖抛的最大位移量为165 mm；输送分离装置能彻底分离根茎和土壤。田间试验表明：该收获机挖净率为95.14%，伤损率为1.24%，挖掘深度均值为400 mm，不低于设计的最小值。作业期间整机运行平稳，作业指标符合根茎类中药材收获标准，满足根茎类中药材机械化收获要求，可以作为振动分离式根茎类中药材收获机使用。

Design and experiment of vibrating separating rhizome harvesting machine for Chinese medicinal materials

To solve the problems such as high digging resistance, insufficient digging depth, poor soil crushing ability and serious power loss, a vibratory digging and separating harvester for root and stem Chinese medicinal materials was designed. This new designed machine adopted vibration excavation device composed of eccentric wheel, primary medicine soil separation device, secondary medicine soil separation device and other structures to realize the excavation, separation and transportation of root and stem medicinal materials. The key components were redesigned, analyzed and simulated, and field tests were carried out. The simulation test showed that the digging shovel had good performance in soil, and the maximum displacement of digging and throwing on the roots was 165 mm. The conveying separation device was able to achieve a thorough separation between the roots and soil. The field test results showed that the net rate of the harvester was 95.14%, the damage rate was 1.24%, and the average digging depth was 400 mm, which was higher than the design minimum value. During the operation period, the whole machine ran smoothly, the operation index met the harvest standards of rhizome Chinese medicinal materials, met the requirements of mechanized harvesting of rhizome Chinese medicinal materials, which could be used as a vibrating separated rhizome Chinese medicinal material harvesting machine.