马铃薯/玉米套作不同行比对马铃薯不同品种商品性状和经济效益的影响

为明确马铃薯/玉米套作体系不同行比对马铃薯商品性状和经济效益的影响，以及筛选适宜与
玉米套作的马铃薯品种，以4 个不同类型马铃薯品种单作为对照，设置2∶2 和3∶2 两种马铃薯/玉米套
作 的行比，研究套作条件下马铃薯商品性和总产值的变化。结果表明：套作极显著降低了马铃薯单个商品
薯质量、单株商品薯数、单株商品薯质量、单株块茎质量、商品薯率和商品薯质量占总薯质量的比率（商
品薯≥ 50 g）。单株商品薯质量、单株块茎数量和单株块茎质量3∶2 行比套作极显著高于2∶2 行比套作，
单株商品薯数和商品薯率两种套作行比之间的差异随马铃薯品种而不同，单个商品薯质量和商品薯质量占
总薯质量的比率两种套作行比之间无显著差异。马铃薯生物产量（干质量和鲜质量）、块茎产量和商品薯
产量套作明显低于单作，2∶2 行比套作低于3∶2 行比套作。套作条件下费乌瑞它商品性较好，中薯5 号
商品性较差，鄂薯5 号、米拉中等。套作总产值的高低并不总与马铃薯的商品性成正向关系。套作总产值
高于单作玉米产值，但与单作马铃薯产值相比存在品种及套作行比间的差异。适合与玉米套作的品种与行
比依次为：费乌瑞它3∶2 行比、中薯5 号3∶2 行比、米拉3∶2 行比、费乌瑞它2∶2 行比。

Effects of Potato/Maize Intercropping with Different Row Ratios on Commercial Quality and Economic Benefits of Different Potato Varieties

In order to clarify the effects of potato/maize intercropping system on potato（Solanum
tuberosum L.） commercial quality and its economic benefits，and choose appropriate potato varieties
to interplant with maize，a potato/maize intercropping field experiment with 2 different potato-maize
row ratios and 4 potato varieties were carried out to study the changes in potato commercial quality and total output value under intercropping condition．The results showed that the number and weight of
commodity tubers（ the weight ≥ 50 g） per plant，the commodity tuber percent and ratio of commodity
tuber quality in total tuber quality，both the weight of per commodity tuber and tubers per plant were all
reduced under intercropping condition．In addition，the number and weight of commodity tubers per
plant，and weight of tubers per plant were very significantly higher in 3∶2 row ratios than that in 2∶2
row ratios under intercropping system．The differences between commodity tubers with these 2 row ratio s
were due to different potato cultivars．No substantial differences were observed on the weight of per
commodity tuber and the weight percent of commodity tuber in to tal tuber between the 2 potato-maize row
ratios．Moreover，intercropping led to noticeable reduction in fresh and dry biomass．The tuber yield
and yield of commodity tuber in intercropping were remarkably lower than that in single cropping system．
That in 2∶2 row ratios was lower than that in 3∶2 row ratios．Under intercropping，‘Faviorita’ had
better commercial characteristics，while ‘Zhongshu No.5’ had poorer commodity characteristics，
‘Eshu No.5’and ‘Mira’ had middle level quality．High or low total output value in intercropping
systems was not always positively correlated with potato commodity characteristics．The total output
value of intercropping was higher than maize output value in mono-cropping maize．But，there were
differences between different cultivars and different row ratios in mono-potato．The varieties suitable for
intercropping with maize and favorable row ratios were in the f ollowing order‘Faviorita’with ratio 3∶2，
‘Zhongshu No.5’with ratio 3∶2，‘Mira’with ratio 3∶2，and‘Faviorita’with ratio 2∶2.