江苏盐城黑嘴鸥繁殖期不同阶段行为时间分配及活动规律

1999— 2 0 0 2年夏季对江苏盐城黑嘴鸥繁殖期不同阶段行为时间分配及活动规律进行了定量研究。结果表明 :繁殖前期黑嘴鸥各种行为具有较强的规律性 ,其出现频率依次为 :取食 39 36 % ,休整 37 95 % ,运动 9 4 8% ,警戒 8 30 % ,饮水 5 0 3% ;繁殖后期黑嘴鸥成鸟的各种行为不具明显的规律性 ,其出现的频率依次为取食 4 2 5 3% ,休整 1 4 2 1 % ,运动 1 7 6 5 % ,警戒 1 4 5 2 % ,饮水 1 0 93%。繁殖后期运动和警戒行为所花费的时间比繁殖前期显著增加 (P <0 0 0 1 ) ,休整行为显著减少 (P <0 0 0 1 ) ,导致这种差异性主要是取食地点的变化和后期的育雏行为。黑嘴鸥雌雄抱孵时间比为 1 2 4∶1。抱孵时间随孵化天数的增加而相应延长 ,一次抱孵时间最长可达到 2 0 1min。

Behavior Time Budget and Activity Rhythm of Saunders''''s Gull (Larus saundersi )During Different Period of Breeding Cycle at Yancheng of Jiangsu, China

Quantitative study on time budget and activity rhythm of Saunders's Gull was conducted during different breeding cycle at Yancheng of Jiangsu from 1999 to 2002 Different daily activities during the early breeding cycle showed a clear rhythm, which included foraging accounting for 39 36% of the whole time budget from daily a.m.7:00 to p.m.17:00, maintenance (37 95%), locomotion (9 48%), alert (8 30%), and drinking (5 03%). However, the different daily activities during the late breeding cycle did not show a clear rhythm, which included foraging (42 53%), maintenance (14 21%), locomotion (17 65%), alert (14 52%) and drinking (10 93%). Time budget of locomotion and alert during the late breeding cycle was significantly longer than during the early breeding cycle; however, time budget of maintenance was significantly shorter. Difference of daily activities rhythm between the early and late breeding cycle was mainly aroused by the change of foraging sites and brooding behavior. Incubation time budget ratio of female to male was 1 24 Daily incubation time budget was accordingly prolonged with the increase of incubation date, and one daily longest incubation time could reach 201 minute.