深施型液肥对靶点施装置设计与试验

针对液肥穴深施机具存在施肥位置不准确等问题,结合机械结构设计和自动控制技术,设计了一种深施型液肥对靶点施装置,该装置包括液肥深施开沟器和液肥对靶点施控制系统。设计液肥深施开沟器,构建了开沟器与土壤间力学接触模型和土粒质点运动学模型,确定了开沟器结构参数,解析了扰土和回土原理,应用EDEM软件建立开沟器-土壤离散元仿真模型,验证了液肥深施开沟器结构可行性。以单片机为核心开发一种液肥对靶点施系统,光电传感器感知作物植株位置,测速模块实时监测装置作业速度,单片机结合作物植株位置信息和作业速度控制电磁阀启闭,实现液肥对靶点施作业。通过田间试验验证了装置作业性能,在作业速度为0.4～1.0m/s时,平均回土深度52.8mm,平均对靶率84.03%,装置回土性能和对靶喷肥性能稳定,满足液肥深施农艺要求。

Design and Experiment of Fertilizing Device for Deep Application of Liquid Fertilizer with Target Fertilizing System

Based on the problem of the uncertainty of fertilization position of existing liquid fertilizer deep application machine, combined with mechanical structure design and automatic control technology, a fertilizing device for deep application of liquid fertilizer with target fertilizing system was proposed, which included a liquid fertilizer deep application trencher and a liquid fertilizer target application control system. The furrow opener for deep application of liquid fertilizer was innovatively designed, the mechanical contact model between the furrow opener and soil was constructed, the dynamatic model of soil above the furrow opener was constructed, the structural parameters of the furrow opener were determined, the soil disturbed and falling principle was analyzed, and EDEM software was used to build the DEM simulation model of furrow opener-soil, the feasibility of the furrow opener structure for deep application of liquid fertilizer was verified. A target fertilizing system was developed with microcontroller as the core, using photoelectric sensor and solenoid valve synergy, the photoelectric sensor sensed the crop plant position, the speed measurement module measured the device operation speed in real time, and the microcontroller combined the crop plant position information and operation speed to control the opening and closing of the solenoid valve to complete the liquid fertilizer target fertilizing operation. The fertilizing device for deep application of liquid fertilizer with target fertilizing system was verified through field experiments. At the operation speed of 0.4~1.0m/s, the average depth of return soil was 52.8mm, the average target application rate was 84.03%, and the return performance and target application performance of the device were stable, which could meet the agronomic requirements of liquid fertilizer deep application.