水稻花后颖壳和果皮光合特性的研究

目的]研究水稻颖壳和果皮叶绿素荧光参数的变化规律，探讨水稻颖壳和果皮的光合功能。方法]以扬稻6号为试验材料，测定了颖果发育过程中颖壳和果皮叶绿素含量、光合速率以及荧光参数的变化情况。结果]颖壳和果皮也具有叶绿素荧光特性，但它的Fv／Fm值不如正常叶片中Fv/Fm值高；叶绿素荧光各项参数的变化表明，叶绿体的PSⅡ的结构随着颖壳和果皮的发育进程和衰老不断受到损害，使Fv／Fm、qP、ФPSⅡ和NPQ下降；随着颖果发育天数的增加，颖壳和颖果叶绿素含量先上升，然后下降；光合速率的变化趋势与叶绿素含量的变化趋势相一致。结论]水稻果皮具有光合功能，颖壳和果皮光合能力的强弱与颖果的发育状况相适应，颖壳和果皮的叶绿素含量和光合能力可以作为颖果成熟度的一个指标。

Study on the Photosynthetic Characteristics of Rice Glume and Pericarp after Its Flowering

Objective] The variation rule of fluorescence parameter of the chlorophyll in rice glume and pericarp after its flowering was researched in order to explore their photosynthetic characteristics.Method] The content of chlorophyll,photosynthetic rate and variation of fluorescence parameter of rice variety——Yangdao No.6 in its caryopsis development were tested.Results] The rice glume and pericarp had the chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics,but their Fv/Fm values were lower than that of normal leaf.The changes of all the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of glume and pericarp showed that the structure of PSⅡ in chloroplast was constantly injured with the glume and pericarp were developing and senescing,which resulted in reduction of Fv/Fm,qP,ΦPSⅡ and NPQ.The content of chlorophyll in glume and caryopsis was increased at first and then decreased with the increment of the days of caryopsis development.The trend of photosynthetic rate was consistent with the content of chlorophyll.Conclusion] The rice pericarp had photosynthetic function and the photosynthetic ability of glume and pericarp was related with the caryopsis development.The content of chlorophyll and photosynthetic ability of rice glume and pericarp could be taken as the indicator of caryopsis maturity.