黑竹沟自然保护区农户可持续生计研究

农户生计是"三农"问题的关键之一,探究贫困地区农户脱贫后的生计可持续发展水平,引导贫困地区农户完善生计结构,提高生计可持续性,对于巩固脱贫攻坚成果,促进乡村振兴具有一定的现实意义。以黑竹沟自然保护区农户为研究对象,通过入户访谈和问卷调查,运用熵值法评估农户生计资本状况,采用空间统计学方法分析农户生计资本与生计策略、贫困之间的相关性,得到影响生计策略和贫困的主要影响因子。结果表明:农户的生计资本总值为0.242 1,生计可持续性较低;农户的金融和社会资本值相对较高,物质和自然资本值较低,生计资本整体不平衡;海拔和距中心点距离对农户贫困的发生率存在显著影响;生计策略对农户脱贫具有正向促进作用,受教育程度是影响家庭贫困的主要因素,亲友中的能人数量是影响家庭生计策略的主要因素,受教育程度越高,贫困程度越低,亲友提供帮助对生计策略的转变效果显著。在研究结果的基础上,提出了相应的政策建议,以期为贫困地区生计资本提升、生计策略调整和稳定脱贫提供参考。

Study on Sustainable Livelihoods of Farmers in Heizhugou Nature Reserve

Farmer′s livelihood is one of the keys to the issues of′Agriculture,Farmer and Rural Area′.Exploring the level of sustainable livelihood development of farmers in poverty-stricken areas,guiding farmers in poverty-stricken areas to improve their livelihood structure and improving their livelihood sustainability are important for consolidating the results of poverty alleviation and promoting rural revitalization,and are of certain practical significance.This study takes farmers in Heizhugou Nature Reserve as the research object.Through household interviews and questionnaire surveys,the entropy method is used to evaluate the status of farmers′livelihood capital,and spatial statistics are used to analyze the correlation between farmers′livelihood capital and livelihood strategies and poverty.The main factors affecting livelihood strategies and poverty are obtained.As shown by the results,the total value of rural households′livelihood capital is 0.2421,and the sustainability of their livelihoods is low;the value of financial and social capital of rural households is relatively high,the value of material and natural capital is relatively low,and the overall livelihood capital is unbalanced;elevation and distance from the central point have a significant impact on the incidence of rural households′poverty;livelihood strategies have a positive effect on farmers′poverty alleviation,education level is the main factor affecting family poverty,the number of capable people among relatives and friends is the main factor affecting family livelihood strategies;the higher the education level,the lower the poverty level,and the help provided by relatives and friends has a significant effect on the transformation of livelihood strategies.On the basis of the research findings,corresponding policy recommendations are put forward in order to provide reference for the improvement of livelihood capital,livelihood strategy adjustment and stable poverty alleviation in poverty-stricken areas.