海南甘蔗野生种资源的收集与遗传多样性初析

为了进一步丰富中国甘蔗野生资源库，充分了解和发掘具有良好品性的野生材料，对海南省海口、澄迈、临高、儋州、白沙等16个县（市）的甘蔗野生种质资源进行了采集，共采集白茅8份、斑茅39份、荻7份、割手密26份、芒14份（其中五节芒4份），涉及5个属6个种，共94份。测定株高、茎粗、锤度、叶长和叶宽5个主要农艺性状，并对斑茅和割手密进行了相关性和遗传多样性分析。初步研究表明，海南甘蔗野生种资源性状差异显著，株高、茎粗、叶长和叶宽存在较大相关性，而锤度与其他指标不相关；斑茅和割手密具有较大的遗传多样性，变异系数分别为0.187~0.558及0.206~0.432；斑茅和割手密分别分为四类群和三类群，其中斑茅Ⅱ和Ⅳ类群具有较大的生物量，而割手密Ⅰ和Ⅲ类群具有良好的锤度品质潜力，可推荐作为甘蔗育种的上游材料。

Collection and Genetic Diversity Analysis of Wild Germplasm Resource in Sugarcane from Hainan Province

In order to enrich the wild germplasm resource library of sugarcane in China and discover the wild material with great character, 94 wild resources of sugarcane were collected at Haikou, Chengmai, Lingao, Danzhou, Baisha etc, 16 counties or cities. We collected 8 Imperata cylindrical (L.), 39 Erianthus arundinacius (Retz.) Jesws., 7 Miscanthus sacchariflorus (Maxim.) Benth., 26 Sacchuram spontaneum (L.) and 14 M. spp. wild germplasm resources. Five main agronomic traits were measured and used to analyze the correlation, genetic diversity and cluster. The results showed that, there were highly significant differences in plant height, stem diameter, brix, leaf length and leaf width; there was a significant correlation between plant height, stem diameter, leaf length and leaf width each other, but no correlation between brix and other four major traits in Erianthus arundinacius (Retz.) Jesws. and Sacchuram spontaneum (L.) germplasm; Erianthus arundinacius (Retz.) Jesws. and Sacchuram spontaneum (L.) had great genetic diversity, the coefficients of variation were 0.187-0.558 and 0.206-0.432 respectively. 39 Erianthus arundinacius (Retz.) Jesws and 26 Sacchuram spontaneum (L.) resources could be divided into four and three groups, which Erianthus arundinacius (Retz.) JeswsⅡandⅣgroups had greater biomass, and Sacchuram spontaneum (L.)ⅠandⅢgroups had a good quality potential of brix, could be used as recommendations for development and utilization of breeding materials.