磷素营养对青饲玉米产量品质形成与肥水利用效果的影响

在华北农牧交错区旱滩地条件下，以饲用玉米白马牙为试验材料，研究了磷肥不同施用量对青饲玉米产量品质形成与肥水利用效果的影响。结果表明，施磷使饲用玉米的生物产量增产10.5 %～25.1 %；显著促进了玉米植株氮素和磷素的吸收，使植株比不施磷分别多吸收氮素26.03～51.10 kg/hm2和磷素8.63～28.95 kg/hm2；植株粗蛋白、粗脂肪和粗纤维的含量随施磷量增加而显著增加；粗蛋白和粗脂肪的产量也增加显著，增幅分别为9.26 %～37.82 %和14.95 %～33.33 %。试验结果还表明，施磷比不施磷显著提高了青饲玉米的水分利用效率，增幅为10.44%～16.77%, 相当于多供水27.51～47.36 mm。因此，施用磷肥是提高饲用玉米饲草产量、营养品质和肥水利用效果的有效技术手段。

Effects of phosphorus application on biomass and quality formation, fertilizer and water use efficiency of forage maize

A field experiment was conducted to study the effects of phosphorus application on biomass and quality formation, fertilizer and water use efficiencies of forage maize named Baimaya with different phosphorus rates in meadow-chestnut soil in the agriculture-animal husbandry eco-zone of North China. The results indicated that phosphorus application increased forage maize biomass yield by 10.5%–25.1% and improved nitrogen and phosphorus absorption significantly. Compared with no-phosphorus treatment, phosphorus application increased nitrogen and phosphorus uptake by 26.03–51.10 kg/ha and 8.63–28.95 kg/ha, respectively. As phosphorus application rate increased, the contents of crude protein, ether extract and crude fiber in maize plant were significantly increased. The yields of crude protein and ether extract in maize plant were increased by 9.26%–37.82% and 14.95%–33.33%, respectively. The results also indicated that phosphorus application increased water use efficiency of forage maize by 10.44%–16.77%, which was equivalent to supply 27.51–47.36 mm more water. Thus the use of phosphorus fertilizer for forage maize is an effective technique to increase biomass yield, improve the nutritional quality, and fertilizer and water use efficiencies.