芝麻不同部位开花结蒴规律及蒴果发育特性研究

为明确芝麻纵向不同部位的开花结蒴规律和蒴果发育特性,以郑芝98N09为研究对象,于芝麻盛花期将其植株纵向划分为下部节位(8节位以下)、中部节位(9～20节位)和上部节位(20节位以上),调查了各部位的开花结蒴特性和蒴果发育情况。结果表明,随着节位的增加,郑芝98N09开花和结蒴数目呈先增加后下降的变化趋势。其中,在第15节位开花数目达最大值,为9.3朵/节;在第12节位结蒴数目达最大值,为4.2个/节位。不同部位结蒴能力比较,中部节位结蒴能力最高,开花结蒴率为45.1%;上部节位次之,为30.1%;下部节位仅为25.0%。中部蒴果的长度、宽度、鲜质量和籽粒的鲜质量、干质量以及果皮干质量均高于下部蒴果和上部蒴果;下、中、上部蒴果平均灌浆速率分别为0.003 5、0.004 4、0.003 0g/(蒴.d),表明在蒴果发育过程中光合物质优先供应中部蒴果。

Study on Blossom and Capsule Law and Capsule Development Character at Different Position of Sesame

Three parts of nodes were divided at the full-blooming stage of sesame:the lower nodes(below 8th node),the central nodes(9-20 th nodes) and the upper nodes(above 20th node).To study the blossom and capsule law and capsule development character of different parts of Zhengzhi 98N09,an investigation was conducted under field conditions.The results indicated that: the number of blossom and capsule was first increased then decreased with the increase of node of Zhengzhi 98N09.This study further showed that the maximum number of blossom and capsule was observed at No.15 node(9.3 flowers/node),No.12 node(4.2 capsules/node),respectively.The middle nodes had the highest capsule ability of 45.1%,followed by the upper nodes,30.1%,and the capsules of the lower nodes were fewest,only 25.0%.According to the statistical result,the capsule length,capsule width,capsule fresh weight,seed fresh weight,seed dry weight,peel dry weight and grain filling rate of the central capsules were higher than the lower capsules and the upper capsules.Moreover,grain filling rates of the lower,central,upper capsules were0.003 5,0.004 4,0.003 0 g/(capsule·d).It suggested that the substances gave priority to supply the middle capsules during the development of capsules.