不同灌水下限对设施滴灌无土栽培红掌水分利用和生长的影响

为指导设施基质盆栽红掌科学灌溉,该文以连栋温室基质盆栽花卉-红掌为试材,控制灌水下限分别为基质持水率(θFC)的90%(T1)、80%(T2)、70%(T3)、60%(T4)和50%(T5),研究了滴灌条件下不同灌水下限对基质含水率、田间水利用、红掌生长和耗水的影响。结果表明:供试基质田间水利用系数仅0.4～0.5左右,随着灌水下限的降低,基质含水率、田间水利用系数均降低,灌溉渗漏损失量增加,灌水周期延长;各处理红掌花朵数差异不大,与T1相比较,灌水下限为60%θFC时,红掌佛焰苞大小未受影响,株高和冠幅显著增加了19.3%和14.7%(p=0.05),提升了观赏品质,其余处理除T5佛焰苞减小外,均与T1差别不大;试期内红掌耗水量介于2 522～2 986 g/盆之间,与T1相比较,T2、T3、T4和T5耗水量降低了4%～16%;60%θFC处理在降低耗水量的同时,提高了品质,是适宜的灌水下限。

Effects of different drip irrigation threshold on water use and biomass of soilless culture anthurium in greenhouse

In order to explore appropriate irrigation mode of soilless culture anthurim,effect of drip irrigation with different irrigation threshold on water use and biomass of soilless culture anthurim in multi-span greenhouse were investigated.The experimental anthurium was planted in plastic pot with substrate.The low irrigation threshold was designed based on the proportion of irrigating substrate moisture content with the substrate moisture capacity(θFC),and treatments included 90%θFC(T1),80%θFC(T2),70%θFC(T3),60%θFC(T4) and 50%θFC(T5).Results showed that the irrigation water use efficiency was only 0.4 to 0.5 under experiment condition.The substrate moisture content and irrigation water use efficiency decreased with low irrigation threshold reduction,but the irrigation cycle increased reversely.Compared with T1,the flower size and quantity of T4 were similar,but the plant height and crown diameter were larger than T1 significantly,the plant height increased 19.3% and the crown diameter increased 14.7%.T2 and T3 had no obvious influence on anthurium’s flower and biomass compared with T1,but T5 reduced the flower size.Water consumption amount of one pot anthrium was about 2 522 g to 2986g during experiment.Compared with T1,water consumption amount of T2,T3,T4 and T5 decreased 4% to 16%.Lower water consumption amount and better flower quality were got from the treatment with low irrigation threshold of 60%θFC,so 60%θFC was appropriate low irrigation threshold for experimental anthurim.