宁夏马铃薯田杂草种类及其群落特征

为明确宁夏马铃薯田杂草发生种类及其群落特征,采用倒置"W"9点取样法对宁夏马铃薯田杂草种类及其群落特征进行了研究,并进行了杂草物种多样性分析。结果表明:宁夏马铃薯田杂草有71种,隶属于22科56属,其中以菊科、禾本科、藜科为主,优势杂草为稗、灰绿藜、狗尾草和反枝苋。从杂草区域分布多样性分析来看,彭阳县物种丰富度最高,为39种,Shannon-Wiener指数为2.23、Pielou指数为0.61、Simpson指数为0.86。聚类分析结果表明,宁夏马铃薯田杂草群落可划分为3组,第1组为黄土高原丘陵沟壑及六盘山阴湿区杂草群落,第2组为盐、同、香山半荒漠区杂草群落,第3组为银川平原黄灌区杂草群落。综合分析,土壤结构和湿度是影响宁夏马铃薯田杂草群落组成的主要生态因子。

Species and community structure of weeds in potato filed in Ningxia province

In order to clarify the occurrence and community characteristics of weeds in potato fields in Ningxia, weed species and the community were investigated using sampling methods of inverted W pattern in potato fields, and then the species diversity was analyzed. The results showed that 71 weed species, which belong to 22 families and 56 genera, existed in potato fields in Ningxia. Compositae, Gramineae and Chenopodiaceae are primary families, with Echinochloa crusgalli, Chenopodium glaucum, Setaria viridis and Amaranthus retroflexus as dominate species in Ningxia. Analysis on the diversity of weed distribution showed that species richness of weeds in Pengyang county were highest with 39 species, with the Shannon Wiener index of 2.23, the Pielou index of 0.61 and the Simpson index of 0.86. The structure of weed community in Ningxia could be categorized into three groups. The first group contained weed species form the loess hilly and gully region and the wet zone of Liupan mountain, the second group contained Yan, Tong and Xiangshan semi desert area, and the third group contained Yinchuan plain yellow irrigation area. Integrated analysis implied that structure and moisture of soil were the main ecological factors to affect the characterization of weed communities in potato fields in Ningxia.