我国197份小麦核心种质资源对小麦条锈菌新小种CYR34的抗性评价

为寻找优质抗源,应对小麦条锈菌新小种CYR34对我国小麦生产带来的威胁。利用小麦条锈菌生理小种CYR34对我国197份重要小麦核心种质材料进行抗病性鉴定。结果表明,共有81份材料对CYR34具有抗性(0～6),占参试材料总数的41.1%。109份农家品种中有52份具有抗性,占农家品种的47.7%,占总数的26.4%;76份育成品种有25份具有抗性,占育成品种的32.9%,占总数的12.7%;12份引进品种有4份具有抗性。我国部分小麦核心种质对小麦条锈菌生理小种CYR34有抗性,其中农家品种的抗性水平高于育成品种和引进品种,蕴含丰富的抗源,在今后的抗病育种中应重视农家品种的使用,加大基因累积,避免对单个基因的过度依赖,育成多基因聚合的长效持久抗病品种。

Resistance evaluation of 197 Chinese wheat core germplasms toa new stripe rust race, CYR34

The objective of this study is to identify resistant sources from wheat productions in China and decrease the damage caused by a new stripe rust race CYR34. Resistance of 197 Chinese wheat core germplasms to CYR34 was evaluated. The results showed that 81 materials of which showed resistance to CYR34 (0-6), accounting for 41.1% of the total wheat germplasms. Among them, 52 out of 109 Chinese wheat landraces are resistant, accounting for 47.7% of the Chinese wheat landraces and 26.4% of the total; 25 out of the 76 released cultivars had resistance; accounting for 32.9% of the released cultivars and 12.7% of the total; and 4 out of 12 introduced cultivars or lines are resistant. Overall, some of the wheat core germplasms in China are showing resistant to race CYR34, and the resistance level of the Chinese wheat landraces is higher than that of the cultivars and introduced varieties. In the future, we should pay more attention to the use of Chinese wheat landraces in breeding of diseases-resistant wheat varieties, and make effective resistance genes to increase gene accumulation and avoid over-reliance on the individual gene. We should breed long-lasting durable resistant varieties with multi-gene polymerization.