氮肥配施增效剂实现寒地水稻增产、提质与增效

研究氮肥增效剂对寒地水稻产量、品质及氮素利用的影响,旨在为制定合理的稻田氮素管理措施及增产、提质和增效策略提供科学依据。2017年和2018年在黑龙江省方正县设置田间试验,研究氮肥配施硝化抑制剂和脲酶抑制剂对水稻产量、品质、氮素利用和转化及经济收益的影响。结果表明:尿素配施硝化抑制剂CP和脲酶抑制剂NBPT(N+NI+UI)显著提高水稻产量,2017年较氮肥处理(N)水稻籽粒、秸秆和总生物量分别增产6.4%,4.9%和5.8%,2018年分别增产8.8%,7.2%和8.2%。施用氮肥增效剂可以提高寒地水稻碾磨品质、外观品质和营养品质,并促进水稻氮素吸收,提高氮肥利用效率。与N处理相比,N+NI+UI处理水稻氮肥表观利用率、氮肥农学效率和氮肥偏生产力分别提高15.6%,19.1%和7.6%。CP和NBPT配施对氮素转化表现出明显的协同抑制效果,延迟和降低土壤NH4^+—N含量峰值,保持水稻生育期较高的NH4^+—N含量,延长了氮素供应时间。施用氮肥增效剂可使寒地水稻增收2499.08元/hm^2。可见,寒地水稻氮肥配施硝化抑制剂CP与脲酶抑制剂NBPT能够延长氮素释放周期,促进水稻氮素吸收,增加水稻产量,改善水稻品质,提高氮肥利用效率,增加经济效益。

Nitrogen Fertilizer Combined with Synergist Improved Yield, Grain Quality and Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Rice in Cold Region

The effects of nitrogen fertilizer synergist on yield and quality of rice and nitrogen utilization in cold regions were studied in order to provide scientific basis for formulating rational nitrogen management measures and strategies of improving yield, quality and nitrogen use efficiency in paddy field. Field trials were conducted in Fangzheng county, Heilongjiang province in 2017 and 2018 to study the effects of nitrogen fertilizer combined with nitrification inhibitor and urease inhibitor on rice yield, quality, nitrogen utilization and transformation and economic benefits. The results showed that the treatment of N+NI+UI (applying urea combined with nitrification inhibitor CP and urease inhibitor NBPT) significantly increased rice yield, the rice grain, straw and total biomass increased by 6.4%, 4.9% and 5.8% in 2017, 8.8%, 7.2% and 8.2% in 2018, respectively, compared with nitrogen fertilizer treatment (N). Application of nitrogen fertilizer synergist could improve the milling quality, appearance quality and nutritional quality of rice in cold regions, promote the nitrogen absorption of rice and improve the utilization efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer. Compared with N treatment, N+NI+UI treatment increased the apparent nitrogen utilization rate, agronomic efficiency and partial nitrogen productivity of rice by 15.6%, 19.1% and 7.6%, respectively. The combined application of CP and NBPT showed obvious synergistic inhibition effect on nitrogen transformation, delayed and reduced the peak value of NH₄⁺-N content in soil, maintained the NH₄⁺-N content at a higher level at growth stage of rice and extended the nitrogen supply time. Application of nitrogen fertilizer synergist could increase rice in cold area by 2 499.08 yuan/hm². In conclusion, nitrogen fertilizer combined with nitrification inhibitor CP and urease inhibitor NBPT could prolong the nitrogen release cycle, promote nitrogen absorption, improve rice yield and quality, enhance nitrogen use efficiency and increase economic benefits of rice in cold regions.