基于随机前沿模型的中国玉米种植业技术效率实证研究

采用超越对数生产函数随机前沿分析模型,利用我国15个玉米主产区的2007～2016年投入与产出面板数据,分类测算玉米种植技术效率、时序演变规律。结果表明,我国玉米主产区省份的生产种植技术效率水平较高,且整体呈上升趋势,在2013年达到最大值后趋于稳定。在玉米种植业中,增加劳动力的投入与直接物资与服务投入、提高种植规模达到适度规模水平对玉米产量的增加具有正向效应,传统玉米种植大省技术效率优势并不显著,农业自然灾害的发生对玉米生产技术效率具有显著的负效应。玉米生产种植技术效率存在区域差异,但差距逐渐缩小,具有趋同的趋势。技术进步在玉米种植中发挥着重要的作用,通过对现有投入要素增加以及对现有技术的推广扩散来提高生产效率的空间已经不大,玉米生产必须要转换新的增长动能,要加大农业科技创新的投入,提升生产经营规模,实现适度规模经营,同时应加强农业灾害的监测预警等工作。

Study on Technical Efficiency of Corn Planting Industry in China Based on Stochastic Frontier Model

Using the stochastic frontier analysis model of the transcendental logarithmic production function, using the input and output panel data of 15 major corn producing areas in China, the efficiency and time series evolution of corn planting techniques were classified and analyzed. The results showed that, China''s major corn producing areas have higher production and technical efficiency, and the overall trend shows an upward trend. After reaching the maximum in 2013. In the corn planting industry, increasing labor input and direct material and service inputs and increasing the scale of planting to a moderate scale have a positive effect on the increase of corn yield. The technical efficiency advantage of the corn planting province is not significant. The occurrence of agricultural natural disasters has a significant negative effect on the efficiency of corn production technology. There are regional differences in the efficiency of corn production and planting techniques, but the gap is gradually narrowing and has a trend of convergence. Technological progress plays an important role in citrus cultivation. The space for increasing production efficiency through the increase of existing input factors and the spread of existing technologies is not large. Corn production must convert new growth momentum and increase investment in agricultural science and technology innovation, strengthen the research and application of improved varieties, increase the scale of production and operation, and achieve moderate scale operation.