增施有机肥对全膜覆土穴播春小麦水分利用和产量的影响

为探究增施有机肥对全膜覆土穴播春小麦水分利用和产量的影响,于2016-2017年在甘肃陇中半干旱区设置田间定位试验,研究全膜覆土平作穴播(PMS)、全膜覆土平作穴播+有机肥(PMO)和裸地平作穴播(CK)3个处理下春小麦田的土壤水分、作物产量及水分利用效率。结果表明,在全生育期,PMO处理0～300 cm土壤贮水量分别较PMS和CK处理高1.30%～13.55%和6.95%～15.39%,SPAD值分别高1.61%～4.33%和6.43%～13.95%,单株生物量分别增加4.98%～16.11%和117.13%～200.00%;与CK相比,PMO和PMS处理均能显著提高春小麦的穗数、穗粒数、千粒重、籽粒产量和水分利用效率,PMO处理提高的幅度更大;PMO处理的籽粒产量分别较PMS和CK处理提高9.11%和53.74%,水分利用效率分别较PMS和CK处理提高26.50%和59.22%。

Effect of Organic Fertilizer Application on Water Application and Yield of Spring Wheat under Whole Field Soil-Plastic Mulching

The effects of organic fertilizer application on water application and yield of spring wheat,cultivated under whole field soil-plastic mulching conditions,were studied in the field experiment (2016-2017). The experiment was located at the semi-arid area of middle Gansu province,with three treatments: whole field soil plastic mulching and organic fertilization (PMO),whole field soil plastic mulching (PMS),and non-mulched and bunch seeded (CK). The soil water content,SPAD value,biomass,yield and its components were investigated,and the soil water storage,seasonal water consumption,harvest index and water use efficiency were calculated. The results showed that soil water storage at 0-300 cm profile under PMO was enhanced by 1.30%-13.55% and 6.95%-15.39%,and the SPAD was increased by 1.61%-4.33% and 6.43%-13.95%,compared to those under PMS and CK. For plant biomass in whole wheat growth stages,it was increased by 4.98%-16.11% and 117.13%-200.00% under PMO,compared with that under PMS and CK. PMO and PMS significantly increased spike number,grain number per spike and 1 000-grain weight of spring wheat. The yield under PMO was increased by 9.11% and 53.74%,and the WUE was enhanced by 26.50% and 59.22%,compared with those under PMS and CK.