牛、羊油脂对小鼠脏器组织形态学及血液指标的影响

旨在探究制备的牛、羊油脂对小鼠血液生理指标及脏器形态的影响及牛、羊油脂的部分免疫功能，为动物性脂肪产品的开发利用奠定基础。选择30 只体重28~30 g 的雄性昆明小鼠，分为生理盐水组（对照组）、羊油脂组以及牛油脂组，分别灌胃生理盐水、羊尾油脂及牛肾周油脂。30 天后眼球采血，测血液生理生化指标；采集心、肝、脾、胃、肾的组织样品称重，制作石蜡切片观察各脏器组织结构变化。羊油脂组的肝脏系数极显著高于生理盐水组(P＜0.01)，胃脏器系数显著高于生理盐水组(P＜0.05)，心、脾、肾脏器系数同生理盐水组无差异性(P＞0.05)；牛油脂组心、肝器系数极显著高于生理盐水组(P＜0.01)；脾、肾、胃脏器系数与生理盐水组无差异(P＞0.05)。2 种油脂均使小鼠血液白细胞显著增多，红细胞减少，羊油脂使血小板数目增加而牛油脂使血小板数目显著增加。在石蜡切片中观察到羊油脂组与牛油脂组心脏出现脂肪增加，少数心肌细胞发生脂肪变性，胃和肾周脂肪细胞增加，肝脏以及脾脏没有明显的变化。本试验结果表明牛、羊油脂具有一定的免疫功能。

Bovine and Sheep Grease: Effects on Histomorphology and Blood Indexes in Mice Organs

The purposes of this study are to investigate the effects of bovine and sheep grease on the blood physiological indexes and organ morphology of mice and explore the partial immune function of bovine and sheep grease, and then lay a foundation for the development and utilization of animal fat products. Thirty male Kunming mice with body weight of 28-30g were chosen, they were divided into control group, sheep grease group and bovine grease group, and they were given by gavage with saline, the tail oil of sheep and the lipid of bovine kidney, respectively. After 30 days, blood was taken from the eyes and the blood physiological and biochemical indexes were measured. Tissue samples of heart, liver, spleen, stomach and kidney were collected to be weighed and paraffin sections were made to observe the changes of tissue structure. The results showed that the liver coefficient of sheep grease group was significantly higher than that of the saline group (P <0.01), the coefficient of gastric organs was significantly higher than that of the saline group (P <0.05), the coefficient of heart, spleen and kidney had no difference with that of the saline group (P >0.05). The coefficients of heart and liver were significantly higher in bovine grease group than those in saline group (P <0.01), the coefficients of spleen, kidney and stomach had no difference with that of the saline group (P > 0.05). The two greases caused a significant increase of white blood cells, and decreased erythrocytes in mice. Sheep grease increased the number of platelets, while bovine grease increased the number of platelets obviously. In the paraffin section, the fat in the hearts of sheep grease group and bovine grease group increased, a few of cardiac muscle cells showed steatosis, the number of fat cells in the stomach and perirenal area increased, and there was no obvious change in the liver and spleen. The results indicate that bovine and sheep grease have a certain immune function.