不同播期对春玉米产量及产量构成的影响

2016、2017年,在哈尔滨地区以早熟、中熟、晚熟不同熟期各2个玉米品种为试材,设6个播种处理,明确不同播期对玉米生育期和产量及其构成的影响,探索适宜黑龙江省第一积温带种植玉米品种的播期,选择在遇到低温冷害等极端天气需要的替代品种。结果表明,哈尔滨当地品种最迟播种时间为5月6日,能够保证玉米正常成熟。在5月6日后中熟品种产量高于晚熟品种,产量均呈降低趋势。若前期遇到低温冷害等极端天气,播种推迟至5月中旬左右时,应选择中熟品种代替晚熟品种,确保玉米产量安全。

Effects of Different Sowing Date on Grain Yield and Yield Components of Spring Maize

Maize sowing date has impacts on its yield. In 2016 and 2017, we evaluated six maize cultivars(two early maturing varieties, two middle maturing varieties, and two late maturing varieties) at six sowing date of April 15, April 22, April 29, May 6, May 13, and May 20, aiming to select the suitable and additional varieties as well as their proper sowing time in first accumulated temperate zone of Heilongjiang, China. The additional variety was prepared for extreme weather such as low temperature. We investigated maize growth stage, grain yield and yield components. May 6 is the latest maize planting date in this region, when the maize can mature normally in autumn. When sowing date is later than May 6, the middle and late maturing varieties both show a decreasing yield trend, with the yield of middle maturing variety is higher. When extreme weather(i.e. low temperature) happen and delay maize sowing date to May, the middle maturing variety is a good choice for local maize production, which can ensure a relative high yield.