生物有机肥对水稻土壤酶活性及微生物群落结构的影响

[目的]为了探究施加生物有机肥(QD)之后水稻土壤酶活和微生物群落结构的变化,[方法]分别采用3,5-二硝基水杨酸比色法、磷酸苯二钠比色法、苯酚钠-次氯酸钠比色法、高锰酸钾滴定法测定土壤中的蔗糖酶、磷酸酶、脲酶、过氧化氢酶活性；基于Illumina HiSeq 测序平台对土壤微生物基因组进行测序。[结果]表明：与CK相比,QD显著提高了土壤中脲酶和磷酸酶的活性(p<0.05),而对蔗糖酶和过氧化氢酶活性影响不显著(p>0.05)；在土壤基因组测序结果中变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、子囊菌门(Ascomycota)分别是细菌和真菌中的优势物种,α-多样性分析显示QD使用前后真菌的多样性显著减少,细菌并没有明显变化。[结论]本研究结果在一定程度上为利用生物有机肥对农田土壤改良和农业的可持续发展提供了理论依据。

Biological Fertilizer: Effects on Enzyme Activity and Microbial Community Structure in Rice Soil

To explore the responses of soil enzyme activities and microbial community structure in rice soil to biological fertilizer (QD) application, 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid colorimetric method, phenylbiphenyl phosphate colorimetric method, sodium phenol-sodium hypochlorite colorimetric method and potassium permanganate titration were used to determine the activities of sucrase, phosphatase, urease and catalase in the soil. The soil genome was sequenced based on the Illumina HiSeq sequencing platform. The results showed that compared with CK, QD application significantly enhanced the activities of urease and phosphatase in soil (P<0.05), but the activities of catalase and invertase did not change significantly (P>0.05). After soil genome sequencing, Proteobacteria and Ascomycota were the dominant phylum in bacteria and fungi, respectively. The α-diversity of fungi significantly decreased after QD application, yet the α- diversity of bacteria did not change significantly. To a certain extent, the results provide a theoretical basis for the use of biological fertilizers and field soil management.