寒地不同玉米品种影响机收质量关键因素研究

2016年选用本地区主栽的30个品种,开展玉米子粒机收试验,研究寒地玉米子粒机收质量的现状和影响玉米子粒直收质量的关键因素,分析当前寒地不同玉米品种子粒机收质量并分析不同品种子粒机收产量损失与含水率、破碎率、杂质率、落穗损失、落粒损失的关系。结果表明,供试品种收获平均子粒含水率为26.88%,机收破碎率平均为5.24%,杂质率为0.96%,产量损失率为5.20%,其中落穗损失平均为4.39%,落粒损失平均为0.47%。破碎率和产量损失率偏高是当前寒地玉米子粒直收主要问题。各因素相关分析结果表明,含水率与破碎率呈极显著正相关,其中破碎率(y)与子粒含水率(x)符合一元一次方程y=0.268 8x-1.979 4(R~2=0.439 5**,n=90)。寒地玉米宜机收品种应具有早熟、收获子粒含水率低、脱水快且稳产的特性。

Study on the Key Factors Influencing the Grain Quality of Maize Mechanical Kernel Harvest in Different Cold Regions

In 2016, 30 maize varieties were selected to explore the key factors influencing grain quality of me-chanical kernel harvest in cold regions of China. The grain quality of these varieties and the relationship between grain quality and grain water content, kernel breakage rate, impurity rate, ear dropping rate, kernel dropping rate or yield loss rate were analyzed. For the 30 varieties tested in the study, the average kernel breakage rate is 5.24%, the average grain moisture content at harvest time was 26.88%, the impurity rate is 0.96%, the yield loss rate is 5.20%, of which 4.39% results from ear dropping and 0.47% from kernel dropping. The higher kernel breakage rate and higher yield loss rate are the two main problems for maize mechanical kernel harvest in the cold area. Further, corre-lation analysis indicates that average grain moisture content(x) has a significant positive correlation with kernel breakage rate(y), and fit to the equation y=0.268 8x-1.979 4(R²=0.439 5^**, n=90). In total, the maize variety suit-able for mechanical kernel harvest in cold areas need process the characteristics of early maturity, low moisture con-tent at harvest, and fast dehydration rate.