基于称重式蒸渗仪的玉米耗水特性及影响因素研究

以我国玉米生产主导品种京科968和郑单958(对照)为供试材料,采用称重式蒸渗仪系统研究其耗水特性及影响因素。结果表明,京科968的全生育期需水量低于郑单958,水分利用效率高于郑单958。京科968的全生育期需水量为347.81 mm,较郑单958低78.98 mm;水分利用效率为3.16 kg/m^3,显著高于郑单958;京科968各生育阶段的平均日耗水量不同,分别为2.04、3.54、3.34、3.35 mm/d,分别比郑单958低1.62、1.43、0.55、1.10 mm/d。影响玉米各生育阶段日耗水量的气象因素不同,影响出苗至吐丝和播种至收获阶段日耗水量的主要气象因素为空气温度、光辐射和平均风速,影响吐丝至收获阶段日耗水量的主要气象因素是空气温度和光辐射。

Study on the Characteristics of Maize Water Consumption and Its Influencing Factors Based on Weighing Lysimeter

Jingke968(JK968) and Zhengdan958(ZD958, CK), which were dominant cultivars widely planted in Chinese maize production, were used as the experiments to study the maize water consumption characteristics and its influencing factors based on weighing lysimeter. The results showed that, the water consumption of JK968 was lower and the water use efficiency was higher than that of ZD958, the water consumption of JK968 during the growth period of sowing to harvest was 347.81 mm, which was 78.98 mm lower than that of ZD958(426.79 mm); the water use efficiency(WUE) of JK968 and ZD958 were 3.16 kg/m³ and 2.50 kg/m³, respectively, and significant difference was found between them. The mean daily water consumption of JK968 during sowing to emergence, emergence to silking, silking to harvest and sowing to harvest were 2.04, 3.54, 3.34, 3.35 mm/d, which were 1.62, 1.43, 0.55, 1.10 mm/d lower than that of ZD958, respectively. The climatic factors significantly affecting water consumption of ZD958 and JK968 during sowing to emergence, emergence to silking, silking to harvest and sowing to harvest were different. The major climatic factors which significantly affect water consumption during emergence to silking and sowing to harvest were air temperature, solar radiation and mean wind speed. For the growth duration of silking to harvest, the climatic factors which significantly affect water consumption were air temperature and solar radiation.