冬春鲜喂饲用油菜收获机滚刀式切碎装置设计与试验

针对长江中下游地区饲用油菜生物量大、含水率高,缺乏适用收获机械的问题,开展了冬春鲜喂饲用油菜机械化收获切碎装置设计与试验。根据物料特性、切碎及抛送等作业要求,确定了平板型滚刀式切碎装置主要结构参数和作业参数;采用单因素与二次旋转正交组合试验研究了喂入压辊转速与切碎器主轴转速对茎秆切碎长度合格率和功耗的影响,构建了长度合格率和功耗与喂入压辊转速和切碎器主轴转速的回归方程,优化得出了最佳作业参数。试验结果表明:喂入压辊转速为400～550 r/min,切碎器主轴转速为600～800 r/min,茎秆切碎长度合格率较优。优化得出喂入压辊转速496. 17 r/min、切碎器主轴转速为709. 14 r/min时,茎秆切碎长度合格率为91. 16%。采用平板型滚刀式切碎装置开展鲜喂饲用油菜收获田间试验和饲喂试验表明:收获饲用油菜切碎茎秆长度满足饲用油菜冬春鲜喂要求。

Design and Experiment on Cylinder-type Chopping Device of Harvester for Fodder Rapeseed in Winter and Spring

Fodder rapeseed is a good quality feed crop, and it can effectively alleviate the problem of lack of green feed for livestock in winter and spring. Because of high water content and crispy texture of fodder rapeseed, there is a lack of applicable harvesting machinery in Mid lower Yangtze River. To solve the problems, a kind of cylinder type chopping device was designed. The structure and operation parameters of chopping device were analyzed through material properties and the requirements of cutting and throwing operations. Single factor experiment and rotation regression design were carried out to study the effects of feeding roller and cutterhead rotational speed on length qualified rate and power. The regression equation of the relationship between feeding roller and cutterhead rotational speed, and the length qualified rate and power was obtained. The results showed that the length qualified rate was better when the feeding roller rotational speed was 400~550r/min and the cutterhead rotational speed was 600~800r/min. The optimum operation condition was: the feeding roller rotational speed was 496.17r/min, the cutterhead rotational speed was 709.14r/min. Under this condition, the length qualified rate was 91.16% by calculation. What was more, the field experiment of fodder rapeseed harvester was conducted. It turned out that the cylinder-type chopping device worked well and the length qualified rate met the requirements of feeding. The results could provide support for optimization of the cylinder-type chopping device and the improvement of the overall structure for fodder rapeseed harvester.