基于生态位理论的黄土丘陵区耕地整治优先度及模式研究

[目的]从生态适宜性角度构建耕地整治适宜性评价体系,确定耕地整治优先度及其模式,为制定差别化耕地整治政策提供科学依据。[方法]以生态位理论为基础,以山西省太谷县为例,从生产潜力、空间形态、区位条件3个维度构建了黄土丘陵区耕地整治生态位适宜度评价体系,通过评判耕地现实生态位与最适生态位的贴近程度确定各研究单元耕地整治生态位适宜度,并采用GIS标准分类法对此进行耕地整治优先度划分,最后结合关键指标组合法确定不同区域的耕地整治模式。[结果]研究区耕地整治生态位适宜度范围介于26.02～93.57之间,且整体分布非均衡性突出。根据耕地整治生态位适宜度评价结果,可将研究区划为优先、一般和限制整治区域,分别占研究区耕地面积的49.50%,30.28%和20.22%。划分结果与研究区耕地利用现状基本吻合。通过对关键指标的组合分析确定了耕地整治的3种模式:坡改梯模式、农田水利建设及完善模式和道路通达度提升模式。[结论]运用生态位适宜度模型研究耕地整治优先度科学合理,是一种可行的方法。

Priority and Mode of Cultivated Land Consolidation in Loess Hilly Region Based on Niche-fitness Model

[Objective] To establish the niche-fitness evaluation index system for cultivated land consolidation from the perspective of ecological suitability, in order to provide scientific references for making differentiated cultivated land consolidation policies. [Methods] Based on niche theory, 10 indicators from three index layers (potential productivity, spatial pattern, location condition) were used to establish the niche-fitness evaluation index system for cultivated land consolidation of the loess hilly region. Taigu County of Shanxi Province was taken as an example. The niche-fitness value in each research unit was determined by the matching degree between the actual and optimal ecological niche of cultivated land. The standard classification method based on GIS was used to divide the priority of cultivated land consolidation. Finally, cultivated land consolidation modes in different areas were determined. [Results] The niche-fitness value of cultivated land consolidation in the study area ranged from 26.02 to 93.57, and the overall distribution was uneven. According to the niche-fitness evaluation results, the study area could be divided into priority consolidation area, general consolidation area and restricted consolidation area, accounting for 49.50%, 30.28% and 20.22% of the cultivated land area, respectively. The results of division were basically consistent with the present situation of cultivated land utilization in the study area. Through the combination analysis of key indicators, three modes of cultivated land consolidation were identified: transforming slope farmland to terraces, construction and perfection of farmland irrigation and water conservancy, and improving road accessibility. [Conclusion] It is feasible to study the priority of cultivated land consolidation by using niche-fitness model.