海南省不同区域农业可持续发展评价研究

为准确把握海南省典型地区农业可持续发展状况,诊断识别各地区农业可持续发展的障碍性因子,通过基于欧氏距离的农业可持续发展评价理论对海南省农业可持续发展情况进行评价。选取海南省海口市、三亚市和琼中县的2000~2015年数据展开分析,结果表明：(1)海口市农业可持续发展指数总体变化呈下降趋势,可持续发展指数介于0.44~0.52；三亚市农业可持续发展指数呈现上升趋势,可持续发展指数处于0.31~0.59之间；琼中县农业可持续发展指数呈上升趋势,但2007年之后可持续发展指数呈波动发展,可持续发展指数处于0.27~0.31之间。三个地区均属于低可持续发展状态。(2)肥料、农药、农村灾害、农技和农村劳力等指标是海南省低可持续发展的主要原因。各地区应该因地制宜,制定符合自身情况的政策和方针。(3)评价结果较为准确地反映了海南省农业系统情况。在上述研究结果基础上,研究其时空变化特征,提出未来推动该地区农业可持续发展举措,以期为海南省农业可持续发展提供参考。

Evaluation of Agricultural Sustainable Development of Different Regions in Hainan Province

Lodging was the factor of limiting high yield of summer maize.The field experiment and field demonstration were conducted to study the effect of four chemical regulation medicines (Aifeng, Yu Huangjin, Ethephon, Jindele) with different period and different planting density on plant growth, lodging resistance and yield of summer maize. The conclusions were as follow. With the increasing of planting density the yield of summer maize increased, the plant height and ear height increased, the stem roughness decreased, the ratio of length and thickness became larger, the risk of lodging increase gradually, increasing plant density can significantly decrease the effect of chemical regulation on lodging resistance. In Yellow and Huai River Region , appropriate plant density of summer maize was 60000-75000 plants/hm2. Chemical regulation decreased plant height at 6 leaf stage uniformly, which was used to shape ideal coefficient of ear height and the ratio of stem length and thickness. The lodging resistance was the best when using chemical regulation at 6 leaf stage, followed by 8 leaf stage, 10 leaf stage was the worst. In addition, the impact on yield was the least when using chemical regulation at 6 leaf stage while that was the largest when using chemical regulation at 10 leaf stage. So 6 leaf stage was the best period of chemical regulation.