我国生态草牧业政策梳理及评价

草牧业是以草为基础的畜牧业,是在传统畜牧业和草业基础上提升的新型生态草畜产业。我国草原面积近60亿亩,草地畜牧业发展拥有巨大潜力,如何实现草地资源可持续利用是当前政策制定者面临的重要任务与挑战。本研究借鉴柳卸林的政策分析框架,梳理2000年以来我国政府颁布的草牧业政策,并基于呼伦贝尔地区的农、牧户调研,辨识草牧业发展的政策缺口,厘清当地生态草牧业发展中不同利益相关者的需求与困境,为长期的政策制定提供支撑。

Ecological Grass Husbandry in China: Analysis and Evaluation of the Policies

The paper aims to provide a decision support for making long-term policy, based on the policy analysis framework from Liu Xielin, we analyzed the grass husbandry policies promulgated since 2000 and identified the gap of grass husbandry policy implementation. We found that: with implementation of grass husbandry policies, the ecological function of grassland was restored, but the economic function was neglected, there was a conflict between ecological protection and income increase of farmers and herdsmen, and there were still deficiencies in grassland management and major disaster prevention and so on. So, the policies should be implemented by coordinating the grass production function on the basis of grassland protection, and the reasonable utilization of grassland resources could be realized through the innovation of land management and grassland management patterns, strengthening the scientific research investment, improving the response capacity to major disaster emergencies, thus to promote the economic development in grassland area with recovering grassland ecology at the same time.